Factors Affecting Climate

Factors Affecting Climate

Mrs. Perlita V. Sanchez

Grade 9 - Science

Objectives

Differentiate weather from climate.

Identify and explain the factors affecting climate

Weather

Weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere that take place in a short period of time.

Who is Mang Tani?

Nathaniel Augustin Cruz, often known by his nickname "Mang Tani" is a Filipino meteorologist who formerly served as meteorologist for PAGASA from 1983 to 2010 and currently serves as radio and television weather presenter for GMA News since 2012.

Climate

Climate is theaverage condition of a region over a long period of time.

Exercise #1: Weather or Climate

Identify if the following statement refers to Weather or Climate

Multiple Choice

Is it supposed to rain on Friday?

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

The average rainfall in this region for the past 10 years has been 2cm.

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

The temperature today is higher than yesterday.

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

The Philippines atmospheric condition can be describes as high temperature and high humidity

• Weather

• Climate

Multiple Choice

It's sunny today we can go outside and play.

• Weather

• Climate

Factors affecting Climate

Climate in the Philippines

The Climate of the Philippines is tropical and maritime. It is characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. ... The coolest months fall in January with a mean temperature of 25.5oC while the warmest month occurs in May with a mean temperature of 28.3oC.

Distance from the ocean

Places along coast are cooler and wetter than inland areas. When warm air meets cold air from the sea, clouds will form. The temperature is very hot and dry as moisture from the sea evaporates before it reaches the mainland durung summer

Latitude

The farther the place from the equator the cooler the temperature. The sun rays strike different places at various angles and times of the year due to the tilting of the Earth and the revolution around the sun.

Prevailing winds

The winds move air masses, which causes weather. The direction of prevailing winds determines which type of air mass usually moves over an area. For example, a west wind might bring warm moist air from over an ocean. An east wind might bring cold dry air from over a mountain range.

Seasonal winds the move over continents are called monsoons. In the Philippines Northeast monsoon occurs from Nov. to Feb, Southwest monsoons takes place from July to September.

Landforms

The presence of mountains affects the climate of a region. There are more rainfalls in mountain than in low lying areas. The air becomes cold causing moist air to condense and fall out as rain as the wind is forced uoward to higher ground. During the day the air rises as it is warmed by the sun. It moves down the mountain at night

Landforms

The higher the place above sea level the lower the temperature. In high areas, the air becomes thinner resulting to inabiliity to hold much heat coming from the sun. Thus the temperature become lower.

Ex. Baguio CIty, Philippines

El Nino and La Nina

El Niño events are associated with a warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific, while La Niña events are the reverse, with a sustained cooling of these same areas. These changes in the Pacific Ocean and its overlying atmosphere occur in a cycle known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Human Intervention

Human-driven changes in land use and land cover such as deforestation, urbanization, and shifts in vegetation patterns also alter the climate, resulting in changes to the reflectivity of the Earth surface (albedo), emissions from burning forests, urban heat island effects and changes in the natural water cycle.

Multiple Choice

Climate is ______________________.

• The farther you get from the equator

• The higher you go the colder it gets

• The condition of the atmosphere in a certain place and time

• The average weather condition of an area over a long period of time.

Multiple Choice

What two factors are primarily used to describe climate

• Temperature and Density

• Temperature and Precipitation

• Precipitation and density

• Winds and Humidiy

Multiple Choice

As you go to the top of the mountain, what happens to temperature

• Nothing

• Increases

• Decreases

• Go up and down

Multiple Choice

Which factor does NOT determing climate?

• Tilt of the earth's axis

• Elevation Above Sea Level

• Wind speed and direction

• The amount of vegetation in an area.

Multiple Choice

Earth climate is powered mainly by energy from:

• Tilt of the earth's axis

• Solar Activity

• Latitude

• Precession

Multiple Choice

Places in high latitudes receives less sunlight than places at low latitude.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What region receives the least amount of solar radiation.

• Polar Region

• Tropical Region

• Equatorial Region

• Temperate Region

Multiple Choice

How does higher altitude affect climate

• The higher you go above sea level, the colder it gets.

• The farther you go from the equator the colder it gets

• The closer you are to the equator the hotter it gets

• Does not affect it at all