Psychology Approaches Unit 1 Revision

Psychology Approaches Unit 1 Revision

Behaviorism Approach Assumptions

• •Behaviorism refers to a psychological approach which emphasizes scientific and objective methods of investigation.

  •The approach is only concerned with observable stimulus-response behaviors.

  •All behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.

  •Behaviorism emphasizes the role of environmental factors in influencing behavior, to the near exclusion of innate or inherited factors. This amounts essentially to a focus on learning.

Biological Approach Assumptions

• •How biological structures and processes within the body impacts on behavior.

  •Genes affect behavior and influence individual psychological differences between people.

  •Psychologists should study the brain, nervous system and other biological systems, e.g. hormones, chemicals acting on the brain

  •The mind lives in the brain.

Cognitive Approach Assumptions

• •Focuses on how people perceive, store, manipulate and interpret information.

  •Cognitive psychologists look at internal mental processes to understand behaviour.

  •Thought processes can and should be studied scientifically.

  •Cognitive psychologists study this indirectly by making inferences about what is going on inside people’s head.

  •Inference = Reaching a conclusion/making an assumption on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Psychodynamic Approach Assumption

• • The psychodynamic approach states that unconscious forces in our mind, determine our thoughts, feelings and behavior (the term dynamic refers to the ongoing movement of these forces).

  • Our behavior as adults is strongly influenced by our childhood experiences.

  • Abnormal behavior is the result of mental conflict.

  • The mind can be divided into three levels of consciousness, which can be illustrated by the iceberg analogy. The unconscious mind, which is hidden below the surface, has the most influence on our personality.

Humanistic Approach Assumptions

• The humanistic movement developed in America in the early 1950s

  It was termed the ‘third force’ since it aimed to replace the two main approaches - Behaviorism and Psychodynamic.

  Humanism was intended to offer a less deterministic and artificial approach.

  Humanistic theories are concerned with human experiences, uniqueness, meaning, freedom and choice.

Multiple Choice

Which approach says the mind lives in the brain?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Multiple Choice

Which approach includes the hierarchy of needs?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Multiple Choice

What approach includes the key term Self-Actualization?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Multiple Choice

Which approach includes the tripartite theory of personality - ID, EGO & Superego

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Multiple Choice

Which approach includes the theory of operant conditioning?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Multiple Choice

Which approach includes the role of the unconscious?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Multiple Choice

Which approach includes schemas?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive

Open Ended

Compare the behaviorism approach with the cognitive approach?

- you should include assumptions, psychologists and experiments

Open Ended

Compare the biological approach with the psychodynamic approach?

- you should include assumptions, psychologists and experiments

Open Ended

Which approach do you think is the correct approach with regards to why we behave the way we do? Explain your answer

Multiple Choice

Which approach uses the computer analogy?

• Behaviorism

• Biological

• Humanistic

• Psychodynamic

• Cognitive