Grammar To V and Ving

Grammar To V and Ving

Gerund and Bare Infinitive

• Gerund: sau các V: enjoy, can't help, ... Phrasal verbs : keep on, give up, look forward to,... + V-ing

• Might, would rather, make, let + V

Examples

• I enjoy listening to music. I couldn’t help laughing.

• I want to speak to you. They can’t afford to buy a new car.

• It might rain tonight. I'd rather eat in than go out tonight.

love, hate, prefer, like + V-ing/ to V

• + V-ing: nói về những thứ chung chung

• + to V: nói cụ thể

• Ex: I like swimming, 

• Ex: I like to swim first thing in the morning when there aren’t many people there,.

• You don't need to give me a ride to the train station. I prefer to walk.

• Would + love/hate/like/prefer + to V

• I’d prefer to stay a t home tonight, I'd

  love to come with you.

V + V-ing # V + to V

• remember

• forget

• try

• Need + V-ing = Need + to be PII

• You need to clean the car.

  => The car needs cleaning.

• 
  

• 
  

Past model verbs

must/ may/ might/ can't/ couldn't + have + PII

• để nói về một giả thuyết trong quá khứ

• Must have + PII: chắc hẳn đã làm gì

• Might/ may + have PII: có thể, có lẽ đã làm gì, đã xảy ra chuyện gì

• couldn't / can't have PII: ko thể đã xảy ra chuyện gì ( khá chắc ko thể xảy ra)

• Should have + PII: lẽ ra nên làm gì (mà đã ko làm) (có thể dùng ought to have PII, nhưng nó ko thông dụng)

Examples

• I must have left my phone at Emma's. I definitely remember having it there.

• Somebody might have stolen your wallet when you were getting off train.

• He hasn't arrived. I may not have given him the right directions.

• She couldn't have gone to bed. It's only 10.

• It's my fault. I should have told you earlier that my mother was coming.