English

Judging the relevance and worth of ideas, soundness of author’s reasoning, and effectiveness of the presentation (Part 3)

Quarter 4, Week3

MELC:

• Judge the relevance and worth of ideas, soundness of author’s reasoning and the effectiveness of the presentation 

Introduction

Part I

Exchanging ideas is a part of everyday life as one socially mingles with others. Thus, you make arguments on a regular basis. This does not refer to quarreling or causing conflict with others but the act of communicating one’s perspective and point of view to others opening up opportunities for discussion of ideas. 

Usually noted as synonymous, argument and opinion are actually two different notions. While an opinion is a personal claim that does not necessarily require support and certain qualities, an argument on the other hand is a claim that needs to be worth making, valid, sound, logical, and must be provided with reasonable, relevant, and sufficient support.

Read the conversation

Multiple Choice

Which statement do you think is an example of an opinion?

• girl’s statement

• boy's statement

Multiple Choice

Which statement is an argument?

• girl’s statement

• boy's statement

Argument

• An argument tries to convince us that something is true.

An argument consist of:

• Conclusion - the idea we are convinced to believe

• Premise - the support or reason showing that the conclusion is true

The boy’s argument can be analyzed this way

Evaluating an argument

Now, the best kind of argument is one that is not just VALID, but also SOUND. It is valid if the premise logically supports the conclusion. It is sound if the argument is valid and if the premise and conclusion altogether can be verified true

Logical Fallacies

Fallacies are considered errors in reasoning. they threaten the soundness of your argument.way, you should avoid committing them in order to form sound arguments.

Example of Logical Fallacy

Example of Logical Fallacy

Example of Logical Fallacy

Example of Logical Fallacy

Development

Part II

Learning Task I

• Identify whether the statement is an opinion or an argument.

Multiple Choice

Writing an essay is laborious.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

Travelling is an interesting experience since it is an opportunity to widen one’s horizons by meeting other people and emerging in other culture.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

Answering modules is a fruitful learning experience.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

Attending online classes is enjoyable because you get to virtually interact with your classmates and teachers.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

The novel we were assigned to read is somewhat boring.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

The storybook is interesting due to the colorful illustrations and mysterious plot.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

The artist’s performance is commendable since there is precision in his every move.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

Hiking is an enjoyable activity.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

Keeping a journal is ideal as it helps me document moments in life worth remembering.

• Opinion

• Argument

Multiple Choice

That actress has been brilliant since the beginning.

• Opinion

• Argument

Learning Task II

• Identify the type of fallacy of the given statements.

Multiple Choice

Kathryn’s little sister was playing with building blocks. When Kathryn passed by, she happened to sneeze and the blocks tumbled down. Her sister came running to their mom crying, telling that her sister ruined the palace she was trying to build

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

If I fail in English 9, I won’t be able to graduate. If I don’t graduate, I probably won’t be able to get a good job, and I may very well end up being jobless for the rest of my life

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

That local literary artist is a Nobel Prize winner. His opinion on the renovation of the old town library cannot be disregarded

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

Shiela is on a vacation and decided to visit another country. Upon arriving at the airport, she tried asking a local about directions on going to her accommodation. The man ignored her. She was convinced that the locals there are snobs to other nationalities.

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

My grandmother doesn’t know how to use a laptop. On the other hand, my grandfather doesn’t use the family computer unless I am there to assist him. Old people are not computer literate.

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

Mia’s older brother failed to graduate last semester because he got addicted to mobile gaming. Therefore, their parents strictly limited Mia’s use of gadgets and even refrained from buying her a cellphone on her birthday in the fear that she will become like her older brother.

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

If parents would go abroad to work, their children wouldn’t be guided well. They are going to make decisions without close parental advice or consent. Consistently doing so would make their lives go astray.

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

Our basketball team had been on a losing streak. Ever since I wore the new shoes my dad has given me, we started winning every game we participated in. They are my lucky shoes!

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

I woke up with my stomach aching and noticed it’s colder than any other morning. The drop in temperature might have caused my stomachache.

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Multiple Choice

If I eat chocolate today, I would eat one again tomorrow. I would probably allow myself to eat chocolate the next days. Then, I would crave for more sweets like cookies and cake and won’ be able to stop myself. My diet would be ruined. I’ll get obese in a matter of days.

• Hasty generalization

• Post hoc

• Slippery slope

• Appeal to authority

Engagement

Part III

The picture portrays a lot of scenarios relevant to the issue of climate change. Analyze the image and write down an argument related to the said environmental concern on the next page.

Open Ended

Make sure that your argument consists of conclusion and at least one premise. Use conclusion indicators or premise indicators in writing your sentences

Assimilation

Part IV

Importance of valid and sound argument

• Knowing how to form valid and sound argument allows you to engage in insightful conversations with others especially those concerning relevant issues and matters nowadays.

Remember to (dos)

• Make sure your argument consists of a conclusion and premises.

• Review if your conclusion and premises are logically related.

• Use conclusion and premise indicators if necessary.

Remember to (dont's)

• Do not use logical fallacies in your argument so as not to mislead or even worse, to intentionally trick your readers into believing your argument.

• Do not forget to verify if the bases of your conclusion and premises are valid, true, and reliable.

Assessment

Part V

Direction

• Read the sentences carefully and determine whether the statement is true or false.

Multiple Choice

The premise is the idea we are convinced to believe while conclusion is the support or reason showing that the premise is true.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Hasty generalization is a fallacy committed when making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate or not enough.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

There is no difference between an argument and an opinion.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Examples of premise indicators are “therefore”, “hence”, and “thus”.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Not all valid arguments are sound.

• True

• False

Reflection

Part VI

Open Ended

It is important to judge the soundness of an idea or an argument because...

End.