10.1 Intermolecular Forces

10.1 Intermolecular Forces

​Presenter: Dr. Luis Bello

​

​Online textbook:

​https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/10-1-intermolecular-forces

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​10.1 Intermolecular Forces. Learning Objectives

• Describe the types of intermolecular forces possible between atoms or molecules in condensed phases (dispersion forces, dipole-dipole attractions, and hydrogen bonding)

• Identify the types of intermolecular forces experienced by specific molecules based on their structures

• Explain the relation between the intermolecular forces present within a substance and the temperatures associated with changes in its physical state

​​Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions ).

​

These forces are weak compared to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent or ionic bonds between atoms in a molecule.

For example, the covalent bond present within a hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule is much stronger than any bonds it may form with neighboring molecules.

​Type of Intermolecular Forces

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules has hydrogen bonding?

• HCl

• HI

• HF

• HBr

Multiple Choice

Propane is a gas at STP, while bromine is a liquid at STP. Which statement correctly explains these observations?

• Bromine has weaker intermolecular forces than propane does
• Bromine has greater molecular polarity than propane does
• Bromine has weaker molecular polarity than propane does
• Bromine has stronger intermolecular forces than propane does

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules would have the lowest boiling point?

• CH₄
• C₂H₆
• C₃H₈
• C₄H₁₀

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules predominantly consists of dipole-dipole forces?

• HF
• Ne
• O₂
• ICl

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules contains only London dispersion forces?

• CF₄
• HCl
• H₂O
• MgO_(aq)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following factors plays an important role in the identification of specific intermolecular forces in a molecule?

• bond type
• density
• solubility
• molecular polarity