fear clauses

fear clauses

Remember these?

• utinam amicae sītis!

• ne mors me inveniat!

These are optative subjunctives, expressing wishes.

• utinam amicae sītis!

• ne mors me inveniat!

Open Ended

Translate:

utinam amicae sītis!

Open Ended

Translate:

ne mors me inveniat!

Open Ended

Okay, now what do you think this is saying? (PARA, not TRNL)

timeo! ut(inam) amicae sītis!

timeo ut amicae sītis

I'm afraid y'all AREN'T friends.

Open Ended

What about this, then?

timeo ne mors me inveniat

timeo ne mors me inveniat

I'm afraid death WILL find me.

FEAR CLAUSES

• use a subjunctive verb because they describe a hypothetical/potential outcome rather than a real action

• use ut and ne, but BACKWARDS from how you expect them to be

fear originates in wishes

The theory is that Latin started out with short independent sentences side by side (paratactic structure).

Here, the ut & ne make sense: What you fear is the opposite of what you wish for.

As the language created more complex sentences (subordinating some clauses to others in hypotactic structure), the ut & ne never caught up to the new, more complex syntax.

Multiple Choice

Which of these means...?

"Caesar IS afraid that Brutus WILL kill him."

• Caesar timet ne Brutus ipsum interficiat.

• Caesar timebit ut Brutus ipsum interficiat.

• Caesar timebat ne Brutus ipsum interficeret.

• Caesar timuit ut Brutus ipsum interficeret.

Poll

Will fear clauses describe complete or incomplete action?

• complete

• incomplete

Multiple Choice

Which of these means...?

"Caesar DREADED that he would NOT survive."

• Caesar metuit ut supersit.

• Caesar metuit ne supersit.

• Caesar metuebat ut superesset.

• Caesar metuebat ne superesset.

Poll

Which two tenses indicate incomplete action?

• present

• imperfect

• perfect

• pluperfect

Open Ended

Now you tell me:

fear clauses

(1) use a subjunctive verb because they describe....

Open Ended

Now you tell me:

fear clauses

(1) use a subjunctive verb because they describe a hypothetical/potential outcome rather than a real action

and

(2) use ut and ne, but...

FEAR CLAUSES

• use a subjunctive verb because they describe a hypothetical/potential outcome rather than a real action

• use ut and ne, but BACKWARDS from how you expect them to be (fear originates in wishes)