EAPP Module 2.1

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and using APA 7th Edition Citation

​Objective

​● Uses various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts, paraphrasing, and writing references

​Let's Try!

​Read the following passage and determine the main idea or thought of the text.

Multiple Choice

There are five teams of students in the fifth grade. The blue team has math first period, and the red team has science. The yellow team gets to go outside early in the morning, while the green team goes to music. Only students on the orange team get to play games first period. Each student wears a nametag with his or her color, so that the teachers and students all know where a student should be.

• Students are organized by teams with color names .

• The blue team has math first.

• Students wear nametags.

• The yellow team has the best schedule.

Multiple Choice

The Elk River flows from the far northern part of the state all the way to the southern tip. All kinds of animals rely on it for drinking water, people eat the fish they catch in it, and farmers in the state depend on it for irrigating their crops. Since there is very little rain in this state, the Elk River gives animals and humans the water they need to stay alive. Even though the river is not nearly the biggest in the nation, it is very important to the people and animals that live near it.

• The Elk River is a small river.

• The Elk River starts in the northern part of the state.

• The Elk River is very important to people and animals.

• People catch fish in the Elk River.

Multiple Choice

As soon as she arrived at grandmother's house, Jessica ran into her bedroom to look at the blue quilt. It covered her grandmother's bed and was Jessica's favorite. It had patches of dark blue, medium blue, and light blue, with pictures of birds and flowers on every other patch. Jessica liked to take naps with the quilt wrapped around her. She loved the way it felt so soft and warm against her skin. Whenever she was visiting grandma, just looking at the quilt made Jessica happy.

• Jessica's grandmother has a pretty blue quilt.

• Jessica loved her grandmother's quilt.

• Jessica took naps at her grandmother's house.

• The quilt was warm.

Multiple Choice

Books lay in the middle of his floor. Several broken toys were shoved halfway under the bed, and dirty clothes were everywhere. Frank's parents kept telling him to clean his room, but it never seemed to get clean. In fact, if Frank did manage to clean part of it, the rest of the room just got messier. In one corner of the room was an old peanut butter and jelly sandwich, and an open bag of potato chips was thrown on the dresser.

• Frank's room was a mess.

• A peanut butter and jelly sandwich was in one corner of the room.

• Frank liked potato chips.

• Frank got in big trouble because his room was not clean.

Multiple Choice

Math didn't make much sense to Cathy. She always got area and perimeter mixed up and she had no idea what a right angle was. Last quarter she failed math, and this quarter wasn't any better. As long as she could remember, math had been hard for Cathy. She did fine in reading and science, but not math. Now she was working on her math homework, but she didn't know how to do most of it. Who invented math, anyway!

• Who invented math?

• Cathy did well in reading and science.

• Cathy always got area and perimeter mixed up.

• Cathy was not very good at math.

Multiple Choice

"Are you already done, son?" his father asked. "It seems like you just got in the water." Jacob was finished with his bath in less than two minutes. He got his body and hair wet, rubbed some grape flavored shampoo on his hair, washed his body with soap, and quickly rinsed it off. He liked to take fast baths so he would have more time to play. In fact, Jacob never took a long bath. To him, the faster the bath, the better.

• Jacob is very clean.

• Jacob uses grape flavored shampoo.

• Jacob likes to take fast baths.

• Jacob never took showers.

Multiple Choice

Lisa knew all of the seven dwarfs except one. She remembered Grumpy, Sleepy and Bashful. And of course she couldn't forget Doc and Dopey. Dopey was her favorite. But there was one she just could not remember. Let's see. There's also Sneezy, and that's six. But she could not remember that last one. What was his name?

• Dopey was Lisa's favorite dwarf.

• Lisa could not remember the name of one of the dwarfs.

• There were seven dwarfs in all.

• Lisa had a good memory.

Multiple Choice

What is a summary?

• a short explanation of a text

• a movie based on a book

• a persuasive argument about a text

• a theme or universal lesson

​What is summarizing?

​- According to Dapat (2018), a Summary is a condensation of significant facts from an original piece of writing.

​

​- It is a presentation of the main points from a passage (Wyson, 2016).

Multiple Choice

You should write your summary

• in your own words with complete sentences

• in one draft without revising

• in a secret language that you make up

• in fragments without punctuation

Multiple Choice

Summarizing is a retelling in your own words, a short version of the main ideas, events and details.

• True

• False

​Let's Try!

Summarize and determine the main points or important details of the given passage below.

Open Ended

1. “Illiteracy is a problem in many of the world’s poorest countries. Even in wealthier nations like the United States, many children struggle with reading and writing. But in 19 cities across the country [United States], the volunteers of Experience Corps are helping youngsters learn to read. The volunteers, all over 50, work with students in low-income areas.” (Older Volunteers Help Children Learn to Read, Voice of America, voanews.com)

​Possible Solution: Older Experience Corps volunteers help poor children from 19 US cities improve their literacy skills.

Open Ended

2. Article 10 of the Human Rights Act: Freedom of Expression protects your right to hold your own opinions and to express them freely without government interference. This includes the right to express your views aloud (for example through public protest and demonstrations) or through: published articles, books, or leaflets; television or radio broadcasting; works of art; the internet, and social media. The law also protects your freedom to receive information from ther people by, for example, being part of an audience or reading a magazine.

Poll

Did you use techniques in making a summary?

• Yes

• No

​TECHNIQUES ON MAKING A SUMMARY

​Here are some methods for summarizing according to Freedman:

1. Include the title and identify the author in your first sentence.

Ex. Adam (2016) affirmed that the students recognized and were against plagiarism, but still they practiced it because of a lack of knowledge of its basic rules.

2. The first sentence or two of your summary should contain the author’s thesis, or central concept, stated in your own words.

​TECHNIQUES ON MAKING A SUMMARY

3. When summarizing a longer article, try to see how the various stages in the explanation or argument are built up in groups of related paragraphs.

​

4. Omit ideas that are not really central to the text.

5. In general, you should omit minor details and specific examples. (In some texts, an extended example may be a key part of the argument, so you would want to mention it).

​TECHNIQUES ON MAKING A SUMMARY

6. Avoid writing opinions or personal responses in your summaries.

7. Be careful not to plagiarize the author’s words. If you do use even a few of the author’s words, they must appear in quotation marks. To avoid plagiarism, try writing the first draft of your summary without looking back at the original text.