Unit 0 Quiz Review

Unit 0 Quiz Review

by Nicholas Harrison

​Steps of the scientific method

​There are six steps to the scientific method:

​1. Observation

​2. Question

​3. Hypothesis

​4. Experiment

​5. Analysis

​6. Conclusion

Scientific method

The first two steps of the scientific method are to make observations and ask a question. For example:

​

​1. Isaac noticed that apples fall from trees. This is an observation.

​

​2. Isaac wondered: what makes apples and other objects fall to the ground rather than floating in the air? This is the question.

Scientific method

Before conducting an experiment, you should make a hypothesis.

​

​A hypothesis is an educated prediction of what you believe will occur in the experiment. A hypothesis should only be made after you have conducted some research on the topic.

​

​For example: Isaac thought that a force called gravity caused objects to fall to the ground rather than floating in air. He hypothesized that all objects would fall at the same rate, regardless of their mass.

Scientific method

Every experiment will have a dependent variable and an independent variable.

​

​Remember:

​

The dependent variable is the thing you are trying to measure.​

​

​The independent variable is the thing you are changing.

Scientific method

Experiments may also have a constant.

​

A constant is the part that stays the same throughout the experiment.

​

​We did an experiment in which we added different chemicals to cabbage juice to see if there was a color change.

​

​We changed the chemicals, so the chemicals would be the independent variable. We measured the color change, so color change would be the dependent variable. The part that stayed the same was the cabbage juice in each test tube, so the cabbage juice would be the constant.

Multiple Choice

Identify the dependent variable in this experiment:

Three types of balls are shot from the same air cannon: first a golf ball, then a baseball, then a softball. The distance each ball flies is measured.

• Golf ball

• Air cannon

• Type of ball

• Distance each ball flies

Multiple Choice

Identify the independent variable in this experiment:

Three types of balls are shot from the same air cannon: first a golf ball, then a baseball, then a softball. The distance each ball flies is measured.

• Golf ball

• Air cannon

• Type of ball

• Distance each ball flies

Multiple Choice

Identify the constant in this experiment:

Three types of balls are shot from the same air cannon: first a golf ball, then a baseball, then a softball. The distance each ball flies is measured.

• Golf ball

• Air cannon

• Type of ball

• Distance each ball flies

Multiple Choice

Which is the first step of the scientific method?

• Observation

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

Multiple Choice

Which is the last step of the scientific method?

• Observation

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

Multiple Choice

Which is the fourth step of the scientific method?

• Observation

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

Multiple Choice

Which is the third step of the scientific method?

• Observation

• Hypothesis

• Experiment

• Conclusion

​Graphs

Graphs can be used to compare information between different groups.

​

​This graph shows unemployment rates by age.

​Graphs

In this graph the y-axis, (vertical, or up and down axis) shows the unemployment rate.

​Graphs

In this graph the x-axis, (horizontal, or side to side axis) shows the year.

​Graphs

In this graph each different colored line represents a different age group.

​

​For example, the blue line represents people from ages 16-24.

Multiple Choice

According to the graph, which age group had the lowest unemployment in 1995?

• 16-24

• 25-29

• 30-34

• 35-44

• 45 and over

Multiple Choice

According to the graph, which age group had the lowest unemployment in 2015?

• 16-24

• 25-29

• 30-34

• 35-44

• 45 and over

Multiple Choice

According to the graph, which age group had the highest unemployment in 2015?

• 16-24

• 25-29

• 30-34

• 35-44

• 45 and over

​Biomolecules

​"Bio" means "life", so biomolecules are just the molecules of life.

​

Biomolecules are made up of smaller units called "monomers."

​

Once enough monomers are put together, you get a larger unit called a "polymer."​

​

​

​Biomolecules

​There are four major biomolecules:

​

​Nucleic Acids

​

​Lipids

​

​Carbohydrates

​

​Proteins

​Biomolecules

​​Nucleic Acids are DNA and RNA.

​

Every person has their own unique DNA.​​

​

​DNA stores genetic information and determines many things about you, like whether your hair is straight, wavy, or curly, whether you are tall or short, and even parts of your personality.

​​

​RNA transmits genetic information.

​

​Biomolecules

​Lipids is a fancy term for "fats". ​

You eat lipids any time you eat butter, oil, or any food that is greasy or fried.

​

​The body uses lipids for LONG TERM energy storage.

​

​The body also uses layers of lipids for insulation (keeping you warm).

​

​Lipids are also the main component of cell membranes (a cell's skin).

​Biomolecules

​Carbohydrates, or carbs, include sugars and starches.​

You eat complex carbs any time you eat whole grain bread, pasta, or potatoes.

​

​You eat simple carbs any time you eat sugary foods like soda, cookies, or donuts.

​

​Carbs are your main source of SHORT TERM energy. For daily activities, most of your energy comes from carbs.

​

​Biomolecules

​Proteins are found in foods like chicken, turkey, meat, fish, eggs, and nuts.

​

​The body uses proteins to build muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

​

Special proteins called enzymes ​help catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions.

​

Proteins also help cells interact with their environment through cell transport.

​

​

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule serves as long term energy storage?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule serves as short term energy storage?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule stores and transmits genetic information?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule builds muscles, tendons, and ligaments?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule serves as insulation?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule includes a simple form found in sugary foods and a complex form found in whole grains?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule includes enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions?

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins