Annexation of Hawaii

Annexation of Hawaii

Lesson Objective 1: analyze the major factors that drove U.S. Imperialism

Lesson Objective 2: explain the motives of the U.S. ​acquisition of territories

Multiple Choice

In Mahan's book The Influence of Sea Power upon History, he urged Americans to build a large navy and acquire colonies like Britain had. What other strategy did Mahan advocate for the US. to do in order to success as a naval power?

• Develop an air force

• have a large standing army

• place military bases in Europe

• build a canal through Central America

​Hawaii Background

• ​Archipelago in Pacific

• ​First known settlers = Polynesians in 8th Century

• ​1778 - Captain Cook became first European to visit Hawaii

  • Called Hawaii "Sandwich Islands"

  • 1779 - visited again, tried to take Hawaiian captive, was killed​

​Hawaii Background

• Early 1800s - First American traders arrived

• 1830s - Sugar industry introduced to Hawaii

• ​​Mid-19th Century - American settlers welcomed by Hawaiians

  • ​Protestant missionaries and businessmen

  • ​made major changes to all aspects of Hawaiian life

• ​​1840 - constitutional monarchy established

  • Formerly an absolute monarchy

  • Hawaiian king shares power with another government body

  • stripped King of most power​

Multiple Choice

True or False. Americans had interest in Hawaii because of the wealth brought from Hawaiian Sugar and Pineapple plantations.

• True

• False

​American Interest in Hawaii

• ​Used as coaling station for U.S. ships

• ​1887 - U.S. gained exclusive access to Pearl Harbor

  • ​Created with new constitution

  • ​Sugar exports to U.S. increased drastically

• ​1891 - Liliuokalani ascended to throne

  • ​First Hawaiian Queen

  • refused to recognize 1887 constitution​

​Americans in Hawaii

• ​1983 - Queen Liliuokalani announced a new constitution

  • ​would give monarch back power

  • ​wanted high tariff on sugar produced by Americans in HI

• Americans did not approve

  • ​Staged a coup

  • ​Had help from U.S. Marines

  • ​Formed provisional government

​American Involvement in Hawaii

• ​New country called Republic of Hawaii

  • Asked to be annexed by US

  • Pres. Cleveland refused

    • Did not agree with using force to overthrow the government​

• 1898 - American businessmen petitioned again for U.S. to annex Hawaii

  • President McKinley - pro-imperialism​

  • Congress approved

  • ​Imperialist sentiment very high in government due to Spanish-American War happening at the same time

  • ​Considered by some to be unlawful due to it not being through a treaty but a congressional resolution

  • ​Faced opposition in U.S. and in Hawaii

Multiple Choice

True or False. The King and later Queen of Hawaii wanted to be annexed by the United States.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The political cartoon on appeared on the cover of Puck magazine on December 1, 1897. Its caption says, "Another Shotgun Wedding, with Neither Party Willing." The cartoon depicts President McKinley as a minister conducting a wedding. He is reading from a book titled "Annexation Policy." The man in the Confederate uniform is U.S. senator John Tyler Morgan, a former Confederate general and prominent imperialist. Kneeling before the minister are Uncle Sam and a Hawaiian woman.

What is the main idea of this political cartoon?

• President McKinley would have preferred to let Hawaii remain independent

• The annexation of Hawaii was popular with most Americans but not among Hawaiians

• Most Hawaiians would have preferred to be annexed by Japan rather than the U.S.

• President McKinley and the Senate pushed through the annexation of Hawaii despite opposition at home and in Hawaii

U.S. troops lower the Hae Hawaiian (Hawaiian Flag) on August 12, 1898, at Iolani Palace

Raising of the American flag during the U.S. Annexation Ceremony at Iolani Palace, Honolulu, Hawaii, ​with U.S. Marines in the foreground. 12 August 1898

​Other Reasons to Annex Hawaii

• ​Manifest Destiny (expansionism vs. imperialism)

  • Expansionism: policy of territorial or economic expansion

  • Imperialism: policy of expanding a country's power through diplomacy or military force

• Easier access to Asia

• ​Refueling and resupply access in Pacific for U.S. ships

• ​Strategic location for naval base

  • ​Pearl Harbor Naval Base established 1907

  • ​Protect U.S. from invasion

  • ​Easier to launch attacks against other nations

• ​International Competition

  • ​Other nations were interested in controlling Hawaii

  • ​Would put foreign nations closer to America's West Coast

Multiple Choice

An example of a strategic military reason for expanding to Hawaii would be:

• Converting natives to Christianity

• Adding a naval base

• Gaining new resources such as sugar and pineapple farms.

Multiple Choice

An example of expanding for reasons of cultural superiority is:

• Believing the American plantation owners could rule Hawaii better.

• Gaining naval bases in the Pacific.

• Adding a fuel station for merchant ships.

Multiple Choice

An example of an economic reason for expanding to Hawaii is:

• Adding naval bases

• Converting natives to Christianity

• Gaining access to trade routes with Asia

​Impacts

• Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor ​because of US sanctions and embargo

• Hawaii did not become a state until 1957

• ​Resentment of Americans still exists among some Hawaiians

Multiple Choice

Hawaii automatically became a state because it was annexed by the United States.

• True

• False