Chapter 6 Lesson 2 The Cell

Chapter 6 Lesson 2 The Cell

by Mandy Bartholomew

​Cell Shape & Movement

​All living things are made up of one or more cells.

​The size & shape of a cell relates to its job or function.​

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The structures that make up a cell also have unique functions that keep a cell alive.

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​Cell Structures

• ​cell membrane: controls the movement of substances into & out of the cell.​

• ​cell wall(plants only) It provides support & structure.

• ​cytoplasm: jellylike substance that holds & protects the cell's organelles​

• ​cytoskeleton (network of threadlike proteins)

​Prokaryotic Cell

​Most prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms. Example: bacteria

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​The genetic material in a prokaryotic cell is not surrounded by a membrane. Also they do NOT have many of the other cell parts.

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​Eukaryotic Cells

​Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are all made of eukaryotic cells.​

​Genetic material is surrounded by a membrane.​

​Every eukaryotic cell has organelles, which have a specialized functions.

Eukaryotic cells are usually larger than prokaryotic cells. ​

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Multiple Select

What are the two types of cells

• prokaryotic 

• abiotic

• eukaryotic

• bacteria

​Cell Organelles

• ​nucleus

• ​ribosomes

• ​rough endoplasmic reticulum

• ​smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• ​mitochondrion (ATP)

• ​chloroplasts (plant cells) important for photosynthesis

• ​golgi apparatus

• ​vacuoles (plant-large one; animal- many small ones)​

​Cell Organelles

​Nucleus:

• Largest organelle found in most eukaryotic cells

• ​Directs all cell activity

• ​Contains genetic information stored in DNA

• ​Proteins that make and protect DNA, & make RNA

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​Vacuoles:

• ​Organelles that store food, water, and waste material

• ​Plant cells typically have one large vacuole, animal cells have many small vacuoles.

​Mitochondrion:

• ​Powerhouse of the cell, it releases energy (ATP)

• ​Every cell contains many mitochondria (one heart cell contains thousands)

• ​Each mitochondria is surrounded by 2 membranes

• ​Mitochondria process and release energy needed for survival 

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Golgi Apparatus:

• Looks like a stack of pancakes

• It prepares proteins for their specific jobs or functions​

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​Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:

• ​ER is found throughout the cell's cytoplasm

• ​Rough ER is the site of protein production

• ​Smooth ER is the site of lipid production

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​Lysosomes:

• ​Vesicles are found in all animal cells and some plant cells

• ​Contain substances that help break down and recycle cellular components

​Chloroplast (Plant Cell):

• ​Green structure found only in plant cells

• ​Are membrane-bound organelles

• ​They use light energy from the sun to make glucose (sugar) from carbon dioxide and water. This process is called photosynthesis.

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is used to store water?

• chloroplast

• lysosome

• nucleus

• vacuole

Multiple Select

What organelles are only found in plant cells. Check all that apply.

• chloroplast

• cell membrane

• vacuole

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• lysosome

• ribosome

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell has genetic material not surrounded by a membrane?

• prokaryotic

• eukaryotic

• plant

• fungi

Multiple Choice

What organelle is used for making sugars in a process called photosynthesis?

• mitochondria

• cellulose

• cell wall

• chloroplast