Sputum analysis

Sputum analysis

by Lidiya Aliyeva

Multiple Choice

Which processes can be characterized by phlegm in the analyzes?1. Macroscopic examination of sputum

1. Amount per day 20 to 100 ml

2. Color – colorless, sometimes white and gray

3. Smell – no

4. Consistency – viscous

5. Stickiness – weak

6. Foaming – no

7. Lamination – single-layer

8. Character – a slimy

Microscopic examination of sputum

9. Epithelium: flat – single, cylindrical – a lot of dust cells – isolated alveolar macrophages in the preparation – individual

10. White blood cells:

neutrophils – to 10 in field of microscope

eosinophils – single in field of microscope

lymphocytes – single in field of microscope

11. Red blood cells – 5 red blood cells / 1000 of leukocytes

12. Fiber formation -- are not found

13. Crystal formation – are not found

Direct microscopic examination of sputum

VK – not found

Revealed catarrhal pneumococci.

Possible reasons are:

• lobar pneumonia

• bronchoalveolitis

• pulmonary tuberculosis

• acute bronchitis

Multiple Choice

Macroscopic examination of sputum

1. Amount per day – 100 ml

2. Color – yellowish (xantic)

3. Smell – no

4. Consistency – viscous and sometimes – semi-liquid

5. Stickiness – weak

6. Foaming – no

7. Lamination - single-layer

8. Character – mucous

Microscopic examination of sputum

9. Epithelium:

flat – a little

cylinder – a lot

alveolar macrophages – a little

10. White blood cells:

neutrophils – to 10 in field of microscope

eosinophils – a lot (the main part of leukocytes)

lymphocytes – single in field of microscope

basophils – single in preparation

11. Red blood cells – up to 20 red blood cells / 1000 of leukocytes

12. Kurshman spirals – single in field of microscope

The threads of fibrin – single in a preparation

13. Charcot-Leyden crystals – small clusters throughout a preparation

Bacterioscopic examination of sputum

VC, other microorganisms - are not found

Possible reasons are:

• lobar pneumonia

• bronchial asthma

• the use of heparin

• aspirin

Multiple Choice

Macroscopic examination of sputum

1. Amount per day - 300 ml

2. Color – yellow-green mixed with blood

3. Smell – nasty

4. Consistency – thick

5. Stickiness – weak

6. Foaming – weak

7. Lamination – a three-layer

8. Character – mixed (bloody-muco-purulent)

Microscopic examination of sputum

9. Epithelium:

flat – a lot

cylinder – a lot

alveolar macrophages – a little

dust cells – single in field of microscope

atypical cells – are not found

10. White blood cells:

Neutrophils – 50–70 in field of microscope

eosinophils – single in field of microscope

lymphocytes – single in field of microscope

11. Red blood cells – 10–20 red blood cells / 1000 leukocytes

12. Kurshman spirals – not found

Elastic fibers – single in preparation

13. Charcot-Leyden crystals – are not found

Corks Dietrich – revealed

Direct microscopic examination of sputum

VK – not found

Identified bacilli Pfeiffer, candides.

Possible reasons are:

• lobar pneumonia

• a lung abscess

• the use of heparin

• the use of tetracycline

Multiple Choice

Macroscopic examination of sputum

1. Quantity per day – up to 100 mL

2. Color – yellow-green

3. The smell – no, sometimes a little edgy

4. Consistency – viscous

5. Stickiness – wea

6. Foaming – weak

7. Lamination – single-layer

8. Character – mixed (mucopurulent)

Microscopic examination of sputum

9. Epithelium:

flat – a little

cylinder – a lot

alveolar macrophages – large aggregations

10. White blood cells:

Neutrophils – 50–60 in field of microscope

eosinophils – single in field of microscope

lymphocytes – single in field of microscope

monocytes – single in preparation

11. Red blood cells – 20–25 / 1000 leukocytes

12. Fiber formation – not identified

13. Crystals – not identified

Direct microscopic examination of sputum

VK – not found

Identified bacilles of Pfeiffer, pneumobacilles of Friedlander.

Possible reasons are:

• asthma

• the use of heparin

• the use of nystatin

• acute pneumonia

Multiple Choice

Macroscopic examination of sputum

1. Quantity per day – up to 100 mL

2. Color – "rusty", occasionally yellow-green

3. Smell – a small, blurred

4. Consistency – viscous and sometimes – semi-liquid

5. Stickiness – moderate

6. Foaming – weak

7. Lamination – single-layer

8. Character – mixed (muco-purulent and bloody)

Microscopic examination of sputum

9. Epithelium:

flat – a little

cylinder – a lot

alveolar macrophages – large aggregations

10. White blood cells:

Neutrophils – 40–70 in field of microscope

eosinophils – small clusters throughout the all preparation

lymphocytes – single

basophils – single

11. Red blood cells – 40–60 / 1000 leukocytes

12. Fiber formation – not identified

13. Charcot-Leyden crystals – single in field of microscope

Direct microscopic examination of sputum

VC – no

Identified diplococcus of Friedlander.

Possible reasons are:

• asthma

• the use of heparin

• lobar pneumonia

• the use of ambroxol

Multiple Choice

By expectorant drugs reflex action includes all except:

• ambroxol

• ipecac

• thermopsis

• the root of polygala (milkwort)

Multiple Choice

Sodium kromglikat (Intal) disease:

• bronchodilation

• airway obstruction

• the stabilization of mast cell

• colliquation of sputum