EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

By: Ms. Camille Rem D. Linga

​LEARNING OBJECTIVES

​1. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their

physical and chemical properties.

​2. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic

​3. explain how the products of weathering are

carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere

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HAVE YOU SEEN ROCKS CLOSE ENOUGH TO EVER WONDER WHAT THEY ARE MADE OF? 

​EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

​The rocks that you usually see are actually made up of crystalline minerals..

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But what are minerals? Are they the same as minerals we get from food in order to grow and perform bodily function?

​MINERALS

• ​A MINERAL IS NATURALLY-OCCURING

• ​A MINERAL IS INORGANIC

• ​A MINERAL IS HOMOGENOUS SOLID

• ​A MINERAL HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

• ​A MINERAL HAS AN ORDERED INTERNAL/CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE.

​​A MINERAL IS NATURALLY-OCCURING

​A MINERAL SHOULD BE NATURALLY-OCCURING WITH RESPECT TO ITS FORMATION. IT SHOULD BE MADE BY NATURAL PROCESSES WITHOUT THE AID OF ANY ORGANISM.

​​A MINERAL IS INORGANIC

​THE PROCESS TO PRODUCE A MINERAL BY NATURAL MEANS IS EXTENDED FURTHER BY MAKING SURE THAT NO ORGANIC MATERIAL (OR WHAT WAS ONCE PART OF AN ORGANISM) BE CONSIDERED A MINERALS.

MINERAL IS HOMOGENOUS SOLID

​WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO SEE SOMETHING THAT IS UNIFORM IN APPEARANCE AND IS IN THE SOLID STATE OF MATTER.

​A MINERAL HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

​IT MEANS THAT IF WE ASSIGN A MATERIAL COMPOSED OF ONE ATOM OF IRON AND 2 ATOMS 0F SULFUR WITH THE MINERAL NAME PYRITE, IT SHOUD BE KNOWN THAT ALL MINERAL IDENTIFIED AS PYRITE SHOULD BE COMPOSED OF IRON AND SULFUR IN THAT RATIO.

​A MINERAL HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.

​THERE ARE, HOWEVER, INSTANCES WE ALLOW MINERALS TO SHARE A COMMON COMPOSITION. THESE MINERALS ARE CALLD POLYMORPHS.

​

''GRAPHITE AND DIAMOND"

​

​A MINERAL HAS AN ORDERED INTERNAL/CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE.

​WHAT DO WE MEAN BY CRYSTALLINE?

​

​A MINERAL HAS AN ORDERED INTERNAL/CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE.

A CRYSTALLINE MATERIAL IS SOMETHING THAT HAS ITS ELEMENTAL COMPONENTS ARRANGED IN A ORDERED FASHION. THIS MEANS THAT THE MATERIAL REPEATS THIS ORDER IN A THREE DIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK THAT CAN EXTEND VIRTUALLY INTO INFINITY.

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​

MINERALOIDS

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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT CRITERIA OF MINERALS?

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​THE PROCESS TO PRODUCE A MINERAL BY NATURAL MEANS IS EXTENDED FURTHER BY MAKING SURE THAT NO ORGANIC MATERIAL (OR WHAT WAS ONCE PART OF AN ORGANISM) BE CONSIDERED A MINERALS.

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The gray material used in your pencil is called

.

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GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF MINERALOIDS.