[ITaL] Network Components

[ITaL] Network Components

by Andy tsui

Data Packet

• ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=105&v=AYdF7b3nMto&feature=emb_logo

• In the Internet, data is chunked into small "packets" to send

• ​Each packet may take different routes and may arrive in different order

• The forwarding (or routing) of the packet is done by Routers

What is inside a packet

• ​Header data

  • Destination address

  • ​Source address

• ​Data

​Hub and Switch

• ​Hub and switch are both devices allowing multiple devices to connect to within a LAN

• ​The difference is hub work in hardware layer in OSI model - it only copies the data from one to all other

• ​Switch is layer 2, which regards the MAC address and forward messages to the destination only

​IP and MAC address

• ​IP is on layer 3, which IP address contains the "Physical Location" of a particular device. IP is for sending data on the Internet

• ​MAC address on layer 2, which contains the unique identifier of a device

• ​MAC is for sending data within LAN

​IPv4 Address

• ​IPv4 Addresses are 32-bits which makes 4.2 Billion possible addresses

• ​Not enough for every device to have their own address

​IPv6 Address

• ​128-bit addresses

• ​allow all devices to have their own IP Address