Midterm Review

Thermodynamics:

Midterm Review

by Tessa Noora

Temperature and Thermometers​

​MINI QUIZ 1

Multiple Choice

When the temperature of matter decreases the particles ...

• speed up and move farther apart
• speed up and move closer together
• slow down and move farther apart
• slow down and move closer together

Multiple Choice

Railroad tracks have gaps between rails so they don't buckle in hot weather because of

• thermal conductivity
• specific heat
• thermal expansion
• thermal insulation

Multiple Choice

When thermal energy is added to a substance, the substance's particles move:

• More rapidly at an increased distance from each other.

• More rapidly with less distance between each other.
• More slowly with a greater distance between each other.
• More slowly with a reduced distance between each other.

Multiple Choice

Thermal energy always moves:

• From a high temperature object to a lower temperature object.
• From a lower temperature object to a higher temperature object.
• From an object with lower kinetic energy to an object with higher kinetic energy.
• From an object of higher mass to an object of lower mass.

Multiple Choice

The liquid in a thermometer ______________ as the temperature increases.

• expands
• disappears
• freezes
• explodes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Kinetic Theory of Matter?

• All matter is made up of tiny particles.

• Particles are always moving in random paths

• Occasionally, particles stop moving.

• The type of movement of particles depends on the amount of energy.

Multiple Choice

What happens to the average kinetic energy of matter when it is heated?

• It increases

• It stays the same

• It decreases

• It cannot be determined

Multiple Choice

The random motion of the particles in a substance is greatest when the substance is:

• condensed

• gas

• frozen

• liquid

Multiple Choice

What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object?

• Heat

• Motion

• Thermal Energy

• Temperature

Multiple Choice

When particles collide with each other they...

• stop completely still

• transfer kinetic energy

• lose all their energy

• become smaller

Multiple Choice

Absolute zero is the temperature (in Kelvin), at which, only in theory...

• space and time merge together

• energy goes to infinity

• time stands still

• all particles stop moving

Multiple Choice

An inflated balloon is placed in a refrigerator. Which statement the movement of the gas particles in the balloon?

• The particles move faster and become further apart.

• The particles move more slowly and become further apart.

• The particles move faster and become closer together.

• The particles move more slowly and become closer together.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the particles of a gas is true?

• The particles vibrate about a fixed position.

• The particles are far apart and move freely.

• The particles are packed close together, but in a disorderly arrangement.

• The particles are stationary and orderly.

Multiple Choice

When gas particles collide with other particles, they ...

• Travel in a spiral.

• Lose energy and move slowly.

• Stop motion.

• Rebound in a straight line.

Multiple Choice

A substance Y has a melting point of -7 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 63 degrees Celsius. At which temperature is Y a liquid?

• -25

• 25

• 75

• 150

Multiple Choice

The state of matter with definite volume but no definite shape.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true when particles gain thermal energy?

• Particles move more slowly.

• Particles move closer together.

• Particles stop moving.

• Particles move further apart.

Multiple Choice

This diagram represents particles in a __________ state.

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Multiple Choice

Convert: -45.9 C to K:

• 227.1 K
• 400 K
• 0 K
  373 K

Multiple Choice

Convert 45 degree Celsius into degree Fahrenheit

• 77

• 113

• 102

• 110

​Thermal Expansion

​MINI QUIZ 2

Multiple Choice

Many objects, such as train tracks and road joints, are specifically designed to allow extra space for ...

• thermal energy
• specific heat
• thermal expansion
• conductors

Multiple Choice

A bimetallic strip is made up of _____________________ welded together.

• two metals of the same kind 
• two different metals that expand and contract unequally
• two different metals that expand and contract equally

Multiple Choice

The picture shows a bimetallic strip in a fire alarm. When there is a fire outbreak, the bimetallic strip will get hot, ....

• bend downwards, complete the circuit and the alarm rings.

• bend upwards, open the circuit and the alarm will not ring.

• becomes longer, open the circuit and the alarm will not ring.

Multiple Choice

What is Thermal Contraction

• The movement of particles.

• A decrease in a materials volume when its temperature decreases

• The movement of fluids in a cycle because of convection

• A material through which thermal energy does not flow easily.

Multiple Choice

Alex noticed that a metal door that sticks on hot days does not stick when it cools off at night. This is because the metal contracts as it cools. The reason for this is that, as the metal cools, the atoms:

• become smaller and take up less space
•  slow down and move closer together
• merge together to form fewer atoms
• speed up and move farther apart

Multiple Choice

Choose the symbol which denotes the 'coefficient of expansion'

• θ
• ρ
• Σ
• α

Multiple Choice

Select the correct formula to calculate linear change in length...

• ΔL = LαΔT
• ΔT = ΔL/Lα
• σ = F/A
• ε = ΔL/L

Multiple Choice

Calculate the change in length of a 100mm aluminium bar that has increased in temperature by 55⁰C.  
Take the coefficient of expansion to be 25 x 10^-6

• 0.258mm
• 0.1375mm
• 1.23mm
• 1.37mm

Multiple Choice

Calculate the change in temperature of an 900mm aluminium bar, that has increased in length to 901.035mm.
 α = 25 x 10^-6

• 12^oC
• 34.5^oC
• 57^oC
• 46^oC

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of the expansion joints in bridges?

• They contract and expand with weather changes

• To avoid collapse due to high winds

• To stop bridges from expanding and contracting

• They allow the bridge to expand and contract freely

Multiple Choice

Is the following statement true or false?

An object that expands more when heated, will also contract more when the temperature is reduced

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The volume of the water contract with increase in temperature between......

• 5°C to 10°C

• 10°C to 20°C

• 0°C to 4°C

• -0°C to -4°C

Multiple Choice

The length of copper wire at 20^oC is 4.5m. Calculate its new length when the temperature is 95^oC. Given α = 1.7×10^{-5 o}C^-1

• 4.55m

• 5.41m

• 5.11m

• 4.505m

Multiple Choice

A silver plate of 16cm2 is heated from 20 degrees to 100 degrees. What is the increase of area? assume $$\alpha=2\times10^{-5}$$  

• 0.051

• 16.051

• 0.0256

• 16.0256

Multiple Choice

During the Investigation "Ready, Set, Collide" on p.13, why did the particles diffuse quicker in hot water.

• The particles in the hot water diffused quicker because the water molecules were moving faster, colliding, and moving further apart.

• The particles in the hot water diffused slower because the water molecules were moving slower and not colliding as much.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements are true about temperature? Choose all the true statements

• It is the measure of kinetic energy

• Temperature is measuring the speed of the particles

• Temperature increases when kinetic energy increases

• Temperature decreases when kinetic energy decreases

• None of the statements are true

Multiple Select

Which statement is true about how gas particles behave?

(p.19) - Choose all the TRUE statements

• When the balloon was placed in the freezer, the gas particles moved slower, closer together, and thermal contraction occurred.

• When the balloon returned to room temperature, the gas particles moved faster, farther apart, and thermal expansion occurred.

• Thermal expansion and contraction only happen in solids and not in gases.

Multiple Choice

Assuming that the thermal energy supplied to each of them is same, which of following states of matter would expand the least?

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Multiple Choice

Contraction can be a problem in

• Power cable

• Railway tracks

• Fire alarm

Multiple Choice

Which of the images best describe thermal expansion of solid?

​Gas Laws

​MINI QUIZ 3

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship is Charles' Law?

• Inverse
• Direct
• Not enough information
• #goals

Multiple Choice

Which container will have a lower pressure?

• left
• right
• they both have the same pressure
• I don't know

Multiple Choice

What causes pressure?

• The walls of the container
• The vacuum in the container
• The collisions of the particles
• Atmospheric pressure acting on the outside walls

Multiple Choice

Boyle's law : When _______ is held constant, the pressure and volume of a gas are ________  proportional

• temperature,  equally
• mass, inversely
• temperature, inversely
• mass, equally

Multiple Choice

What is the formula Charles' Law?

• V = T
• VT = VT
• T₁ / V_{1 =} T₂ / V₂
• V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

Multiple Choice

A student measures the pressure and volume of an empty water bottle to be 1.4 atm and 2.3 L. She then decreases the pressure to 0.65 atm. What is the new volume?

• 2.1 L

• 5.0 L

• 8.2 L

• 3.9 L

Multiple Choice

A scientist needs to store 28.0 moles of xenon gas at STP in the lab. What size gas tank will he need?

• 628 L

• 473 L

• 219 L

• 376 L

Multiple Choice

A sample of gas containing 8.1 moles at STP would fill a container of what volume?

• 342 L

• 703 L

• 475 L

• 182 L

Multiple Choice

A water bottle at STP is cooled to -155°C. What is the new pressure?

• 3.2 atm

• 0.43 atm

• 1.8 atm

• 0.27 atm

Multiple Choice

The pressure of a 6.5 L sample of oxygen gas is measured to be 3.8 atm. If the gas is transferred into a 12 L tank, what is the new pressure?

• 6.6 atm

• 3.9 atm

• 4.5 atm

• 2.1 atm

Multiple Choice

A student transfers a gas at STP from a 11.0 L tank to a 25.0 L tank. If the pressure remains constant, what is the new temperature?

• 620 K

• 393 K

• 254 K

• 530 K

Multiple Choice

What is the pressure of a car tire that had an initial pressure of 1.8 atm but was heated from 38°C to 123°C?

• 0.9 atm

• 2.1 atm

• 1.6 atm

• 3.4 atm

Multiple Choice

A sample of gas containing 9.2 moles is transferred from an 13 L tank to a 23 L tank. What is the new number of moles that can be stored in the tank?

• 10.2 mol

• 13.7 mol

• 19.1 mol

• 16.3 mol

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of a balloon that contains 3.7 moles of helium at 75°C and 5.1 atm?

• 37 L

• 13 L

• 45 L

• 21 L

Multiple Choice

Avogadro's Law explains the relationship between

• Pressure and Volume

• Pressure and Temperature

• Volume and Temperature

• Volume and Moles

Multiple Choice

If a hairspray can is heated, what can be expected of the pressure of the gas inside the can?

• The pressure will increase

• The pressure will decrease

• The pressure will remain constant

• The pressure will equalize

Multiple Choice

Calculate the volume that a 0.323-mol sample of a gas will occupy at 265 K and a pressure of 0.900 atm.

• 7.18 L 
• 7.81 L
• 4.63 L
• 4.36 L

Multiple Choice

Determine the temperature required for 0.0470 mol of gas to fill a balloon to 1.20 L under .998 atm pressure.

• 0 K

• 107 K

• 207 K

• 307 K

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would increase the (gas) pressure of a system?

• Increase the Temperature
• Pump in more gas
• Decrease the volume
• All of these

Multiple Choice

You have a gas that has a pressure of 2 ATM and a volume of 10L.  What would be the new volume if the pressure was changed to 1 ATM?

• 5 L
• 20 L
• It would stay at 10L
• 1 L

Heat

​MINI QUIZ 4

Multiple Choice

For the formula:  Q= m c ∆T The  units for specific heat are:

• g /J C

• °C/g J

• kJ/g

• J/g°C

Multiple Choice

The KE of all the molecules in the system

• U

• Q

• T

• C

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the primary factor in diffusion?

• concentration gradient

• temperature gradient

• presence of external force

• none of the given choices

Multiple Choice

For a skillet, used for cooking, do you want a high or low specific heat?

• High, so food can be cooked faster

• Low, so food can be cooked faster

• High, so the skillet would be hotter

• Low, so the skillet would be hotter

Multiple Choice

Water molecules have the greatest kinetic energy in ________________

• Ice at 0 °C.

• Water at 373 K.

• Water at 98 °C

• Steam at 150 °C.

Multiple Choice

A high specific heat means...

• It heats up quickly with energy added

• It requires more energy to change temperature

Multiple Choice

A metal cube at temperature of 10°C immersed in a liquid at temperature of 70°C. What is the temperature of the metal cube when thermal equilibrium is achieved between the cube and the liquid?

• Between 10°C and 70°C

• More than 70°C

• Less than 10°C

• Same as the room temperature

Multiple Choice

What is the specific heat of an unknown substance if 100.0 g of it at 200.0 °C reaches an equilibrium temperature of 27.1 °C when it comes in contact with a calorimeter of water.  The water weighs 75. g and had an initial temperature of 20.00 °C?  (Specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C)

• 0.111 J/g°C

• 1.29 J/g°C

• 0.129 J/g°C

• 22225.85 J

Multiple Choice

A sample of iron receives 50.J of heat energy that raises the temperature of the iron by 25.0°C. If iron has a specific heat of 0.10 J/g°C, what is the mass of the iron sample?

• 25g

• 30g

• 20g

• 50g

Multiple Choice

A piece of metal with a mass of 32.8 g is heated to 100.5°C and dropped into 138.2 g of water at 20.0°C.  The final temperature of the system is 30.2°C.  What is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

• 2.56 J/g°C

• 0.391 J/g°C

• 5.29 J/g°C

• 3.50 J/g°C

Multiple Choice

The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C.

If 980. J of energy is added to 6.20 g of water at 18.0 °C, what is the final temperature of the water?

• 37.8 °C

• -19.8 °C

• 19.8 °C

• 55.8 °C

Multiple Choice

Calorimeters use insulating materials to:

• encourage affordable materials in science experiments in schools.

• preserve the heat of the environment outside the Styrofoam cup.

• prevent heat from escaping to the environment.

Multiple Choice

What does "q" mean?

• A measure of heat energy

• A change in heat energy

• A measure of kinetic energy

• A change in temperature

Multiple Choice

In order to make a cup of milk coffee at 78°C, 200 g of coffee is mixed up with 40 g of milk. If the original temperature of the coffee is 80°C, find the original temperature of the milk. Assume that there is no heat lost to the surroundings. Given that the specific heat capacity of coffee and milk are 4000 J kg^-1 °C^-1 and 3900 J kg^-1 °C^-1 respectively.

• 10.3°C

• 20.7°C

• 45.2°C

• 67.7°C

Multiple Choice

Danny pours some 95°C water into a cup of instant noodles. The final temperature of the mixture is 85°C. If the masses of the hot water and noodles are 500 g and 150 g respectively, find the specific heat capacity of the noodles.

Give that the original temperature of the noodles is 25°C and the specific heat capacity of the water is 4200 J kg^-1 °C^-1.

• 500 J kg^-1 °C^-1

• 1.08 x 10³ J kg^-1 °C^-1

• 2.33 x 10³ J kg^-1 °C^-1

• 6.00 x 10³ J kg^-1 °C^-1

Multiple Choice

Find the energy released by a copper block when it is cooled from 100^°C to 20^°C. Given that the heat capacity of the block is 770 J^°C^-1.

• 7.70x10⁴ J

• 8.61x10⁴ J

• 6.16x10⁴ J

• 5.02x10⁴ J

Multiple Choice

Water has a specific heat of 4184 J/KgºC.  Wood has a specific heat of 1760 J/KgºC.  What material needs more energy to raise the temperature 1ºC

• Wood

• Water

• Both are the same

Multiple Choice

Which description defines heat?

• total thermal energy of an object or substance

• change in the temperature of a substance in degrees Celsius

• energy transferred between objects at different temperatures

• average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance

Multiple Choice

There are four cups of hot cocoa. The cup sizes (from smallest to largest) are tall, grande, venti, and trenta. The temperature of the cocoa in each cup is 25 degrees celsius. Which cup has the MOST thermal energy?

• Large cup (Trenta)

• Small cup (Tall)

• Venti

• Grande

• All four are the same temperature so they have same thermal energy

Multiple Choice

Which of the following containers of sand has atoms/molecules with the greatest average kinetic energy?  

• 1 kg at 20^oC

• 2 kg at 20^oC

• 4 kg at 20^oC

• none has a greater amount because all have the same average kinetic energy

Poll

After answering all the questions in the mini-quizzes, how ready are you to take the Midterm Exam next week?

• 100% ready

• Needs only a little review

• Needs some review, but confident that I'll pass

• Who needs to review? Not me!

• Needs to study all over again!!!

​Thank you and God bless!