ESL 0102: Review of All Modals

ESL 0102: Review of All Modals

Multiple Choice

True modals have tense and agreement.

• True

• False

​All modals have a basic form

• ​there is no tense

• ​there is no agreement

​

​Lisa might apply for a promotion.

​Lisa might not apply for a promotion.

​Might Lisa apply for a promotion?

​Who might apply for a promotion?

​Why might Lisa apply for a promotion?

​

​Modals are grammatically simple--their meaning is what's hard.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence expresses possibility?

• The teacher said I may leave early.

• May I open the window?

• Adrian may pass the test.

• Could I have a glass of water?

• Lisa could speak 3 languages when she was 4.

Multiple Choice

All modals have perfect forms.

• True

• False

​Some modals have a perfect form

• ​may (not) have

• ​might (not) have

• cannot have​

• could (not) have

• ​should (not) have + past participle

• ​will (not) have

• ​would (not) have

• ​must (not) have

​Examples

1. Ana may/might have taken math previously.

2. ​Michelle can't have traveled to Mars.

3. ​Pierre couldn't have driven to California yesterday.

4. ​We should have played another view game.

5. (*​Nery will have finished 0102 by Dec. 15.)

6. ​(*Dayomi would have taken the online 0106 if she had wanted to.)

7. ​Adjo must have studied hard since she did so well.

​

​*These have meanings outside of what we learned in class.

Multiple Choice

In American English, it is not common to use "ought not to" and "ought not to have."

• True

• False

Reorder

Put these in order from weakest (1) to strongest advice (4).

• You could leave early.

• You might want to leave early.

• You should leave early.

• You had better leave early.

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

​Modal-like Auxiliaries/ Quasi-Modals

​There are a number of modal-like auxiliaries that we use in addition to using true modals. Some have tense and agreement:

​

• ​have to / not have to

• ​be (not) supposed to

• ​need to / not need to

• ​be (not) able to

• ​know how to

​

​Some don't: ought to, had better

Multiple Choice

What is the best short answer to the following question?

Does Alan know how to program in C++?

• Yes, he knows.

• Yes, he does.

• No, he don't know.

• No, he can't.

Multiple Choice

What is the best short answer to the following question?

Were you able to ride a bike when you were 6?

• Yes, I was.

• Yes, I was able.

• Yes, I am.

• Yes, I able.

Multiple Choice

Which is a statement of prohibition?

• We don't have to enter that room.

• We must not enter that room.

• We aren't supposed to enter that room.

• We don't need to enter that room.

Multiple Choice

Which is a statement of inappropriateness?

• We don't have to wear jeans.

• We must not wear jeans.

• We aren't supposed to wear jeans.

• We don't need to wear jeans.

Multiple Choice

Which is a statement of option?

• You could talk to the nurse.

• You must talk to the nurse.

• You have to talk to the nurse.

• You need to talk to the nurse.

Multiple Choice

Which is a statement of ability?

• He can't have opened the door.

• He couldn't have opened the door.

• He could be hungry.

• He could drive when he was 15.