Metabolism

Metabolism

by Lauren Ayers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

• Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food.

• Metabolism uses all of an organism's resources.

• Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.

• Metabolism manages the increase of entropy in an organism.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms most precisely identifies the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

• catabolism (catabolic pathways)

• anabolism (anabolic pathways)

• metabolism

• dehydration

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of anabolic pathways?

• They are usually spontaneous chemical reactions.

• They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.

• They release energy by degrading polymers to monomers.

• They decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment.

Poll

Is Earth an open or closed system?

• Open because matter and energy freely flow into and out of the the Earth system

• Closed because either matter and energy does not flow freely into and out of the Earth system

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

• The entropy of the universe is decreasing.

• The entropy of the universe is constant.

• Energy cannot be transferred or transformed

Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?

• anabolic reactions

• hydrolysis

• digestion

• catabolic reactions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best summarizes a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

• If the entropy of a system increases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe.

• If the entropy of a system decreases, there must be a corresponding decrease in the entropy of the universe.

• If entropy of a system decreases, there must be a corresponding increase in the entropy of the universe.

• Each chemical reaction in an organism must decrease the total entropy of the universe.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best summarizes the figure ?

• Energy from catabolism can be used directly for performing cellular work.

• ADP + i are molecules that store energy for catabolism.

• ATP is a molecule that acts as an intermediary to store energy for cellular work.

• i acts as a shuttle molecule to move energy from ATP to ADP.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the central role that ATP plays in cellular metabolism?

• Hydrolysis of ATP provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.

• ATP provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.

• Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group from ATP stores free energy that is used for cellular work.

• The terminal phosphate bond is stronger than most covalent bonds in other biological macromolecules.

Multiple Choice

Which of the reactions represented by the graphs, will occur spontaneously?

• A

  The reactions represented by graph 1.

• B

  The reactions represented by graph 2.

• C

  The reactions represented by both graph 1 and graph 2.

• D

  Not enough information to determine.

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Catabolic and anabolic pathways are often coupled in a cell because

• the intermediates of a catabolic pathway are used in the anabolic pathway.

• both pathways use the same enzymes.

• the free energy released from one pathway is used to drive the other pathway.

• the activation energy of the catabolic pathway can be used in the anabolic pathway.

Multiple Choice

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

• every energy transfer results in an increase in disorder or entropy.

• the total amount of energy in the universe is conserved or constant.

• energy can be transformed or transferred, but disorder always increases.

• potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, and kinetic energy is released as heat.

Multiple Choice

When a cell breaks down glucose only 34% of the energy is captured in ATP molecules. The remaining 66% of the energy is

• used to increase the order necessary for life to exist.

• lost as heat, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics.

• used to increase the entropy of the system by converting kinetic energy into potential energy.

• released when the ATP molecules are hydrolyzed.

Multiple Choice

A negative delta G means that

• the reactants have more free energy than the products.

• the reaction is spontaneous.

• the reaction is exergonic.

• all of the above are true.

Multiple Choice

An enzyme raises which of the following?

• the free energy of products.

• the free energy of activation.

• the speed of a reaction.

• the delta G.