Knowledge Management Review

Knowledge Management Review

by Annisa Nanda

Multiple Choice

Pilih 1 dari pernyataan berikut yang bukan merupakan bagian definisi dari Knowledge Management

• The capability of company to create new knowledge

• Disseminate/share the knowledge throughout the organization

• Imitate or copy knowledge from competitors

• Embody the organizational knowledge in products, services and system

​Knowledge Management

​Definition:

​

​

​The capability of a company as a whole to create new knowledge, disseminate It throughout the organization, and embody it in products, services, and systems

​

​

​Knowledge Creation -> Continuous Innovation -> Competitive Advantage

​Western Company

​•Organization as a machine for “information processing”

•Knowledge is something that “explicit”, formal and systematic

Japanese Company

•Knowledge is not something that only expressed in numbers or words

•Tacit Knowledge, something not easily visible and expressible

Multiple Choice

Knowledge atau information yang bersifat formal dan sistematis, dapat dikomunikasikan menggunakan angka ataupun formulasi tertentu disebut sebagai

• Tacit Knowledge

• Explicit Knowledge

Tacit Knowledge

• Mental Models, such as schemata, paradigms, perspectives, beliefs, and viewpoints

• ​Help individuals to perceive and define their world

• ​Technical element, includes concrete know-how, crafts and skills (practice)

Explicit Knowledge

• Knowledge of rationality, such as theories, formula

• ​Talking about past events

• ​Digital knowledge, means has been written down theoretically (formula, numbers, procedures)

Multiple Choice

Proses observasi yang dilakukan Tanaka ke Osaka International Hotel untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan roti adalah bentuk pengembangan

• Tacit Knowledge

• Explicit Knowledge

Multiple Choice

Laporan keuangan tahunan yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan merupakan bentuk dari

• Tacit Knowledge

• Explicit Knowledge

​4 Modes of Knowledge Conversion

​1. Socialization

​

​Process of sharing experiences and thereby creating tacit knowledge such as shared mental models and technical skills

​

​Observation, imitation and practice

​4 Modes of Knowledge Conversion

​2. Externalization

​

​Process of articulating tacit knowledge into explicit concepts

​4 Modes of Knowledge Conversion

​3. Combination

​

​Systemizing concepts into a knowledge system

​

​Exchange and combine knowledge through documents, meetings, computerized communication

​

​Ex. Corporate vision to daily tasks

​4 Modes of Knowledge Conversion

​4. Internalization

​

​Process embodying explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge

​

​"Learning by Doing"

​

​Company's value to personal internalization

Multiple Choice

Proses belajar yang dialami mahasiswa magang ketika mendapatkan Standard Operational Procedures mengenai cara kerja seorang Public Relation merupakan contoh dari knowledge conversion, yaitu

• Socialization

• Externalization

• Combination

• Internalization

​Enabling Conditions for Organizational Knowledge Creation

1. Intention. defined as organization's aspiration to its goals

2. ​Autonomy, by allowing employee to act autonomously, the organization may increase the chance of introducing unexpected opportunities

3. ​Fluctuation and Creative Chaos, creative chaos will provoke employee to enter the process of questioning and create new knowledge

4. ​Redundancy, redundant/overlap information will help employees to understand where they stand in the organization

5. ​Requisite Variety. diversity will encourage employees to learn and create new knowledge

Multiple Choice

Ketika perusahaan mengembangkan tim Product Development yang anggotanya terdiri dari bagian Marketing, Production, dan Finance, perusahaan tersebut berusaha menciptakan kondisi ... untuk memancing knowledge creation

• Creative Chaos

• Requisite Variety

• Redundancy

• Intention

Multiple Choice

Ketika tim Product Development tersebut akan melakukan brainstorming, tiap anggota timnya membawa informasi dan pengalaman sebelumnya yang dimiliki dari bagian mereka masing-masing. Hal ini dapat menjadi kondisi ... yang dapat mendorong knowledge creation

• Creative Chaos

• Requisite Variety

• Redundancy

• Intention

Multiple Choice

Sebuah perusahaan BUMN mengubah visi misinya untuk membawa perusahaan bergerak ke arah Digital. Kondisi yang diciptakan adalah ... yang akan mendorong terjadinya knowledge creation

• Creative Chaos

• Requisite Variety

• Redundancy

• Intention

Multiple Choice

Perusahaan mendorong tim Product Development untuk bisa mengembangkan produk yang berbeda dari yang pernah dihasilkan dan diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu bentuk inovasi baru dari perusahaan. Kondisi ini merupakan contoh dari ... yang dapat mendorong knowledge creation

• Creative Chaos

• Requisite Variety

• Redundancy

• Intention

Fill in the Blanks

Lalu apa sebenarnya tujuan dari knowledge creation dan knowledge management oleh perusahaan?