G12-B1-T11-Revision-MĐQH

G12-B1-T11-Revision-MĐQH

by Nguyễn Ngọc Ánh

​6 Cách rút gọn MĐQH

​1. Dùng V-ing

​2. Dùng V-ed

​3. Dùng To-V

​4. Dùng Cụm Danh từ

​5. Dùng Cụm Tính từ

6. Dùng Cụm Tính từ ghép

​1. Dùng V-ing

​- Nếu MĐQH ở CHỦ ĐỘNG

​=> Bỏ đại từ quan hệ: who, which, that, ...

​=> Dùng V chính của MĐQH đổi thành V-ing

​

​The man who is standing/stands/stood there is my brother.

=> The man standing there is my brother.

​2. Dùng V-ed

​​- Nếu MĐQH ở BỊ ĐỘNG

​=> Bỏ đại từ quan hệ: who, which, that, ...

​=> Bỏ be (am, is, are, was, were, ...)

​=> Giữ lại V-ed/PP

​

​The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting.

​=> The books written by Nam Cao are interesting.

​3. Dùng To-V

Nếu trong câu có:

​- So sánh nhất

​- Cụm từ chỉ số thứ tự (first, second, third, fifth, last)

​- The only

​- Have something

​- There/here đứng đầu câu

​

​=> Do To-V để rút gọn MĐQH

​3.1. So sánh nhất:

​John is the youngest person who takes part in the race.

​=> John is the youngest person to take part in the race.

​3.2. Cụm từ chỉ số thứ tự

​- Tom is the last/second/first/third/fifth person who enters the room.

​

​=> Tom is the last person to enter the room.

​

​

​3.3. Cụm từ the only

​- She is the only participant who stays in the...

​=> She is the only particitypant to stay in the...

​3.4. Have something

​I have much homework that I must do

=> I have many homework to do.

​3.5. Here, There đầu câu.

​There are six letters which have to be written today

=> There are six letters to be written today

Lưu ý:

MĐQH ở chủ động: MĐQH => to V

​MĐQH ở bị động: MĐQH => to be PP

​

​She is the last person who left the room.

​=> She is the last person to leave the room. (chủ động)

​

​She is the last person who was interviewed.

​=> She is the last person to be interviewed. (bị động)

​4. Dùng Cụm Danh từ

​Nếu MĐQH là: which/that... + be + cụm Danh từ

​=> Bỏ which/that... + be

​=> Giữ lại Danh từ

​

​Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health

=> Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.

​5. Dùng Cụm Tính từ

​Nếu MĐQH là: which/that... + be + cụm Tính từ

​=> Bỏ which/that... + be

​=> Giữ lại Tính từ

​ĐK 1: Ngay trước MĐQH có các ĐTBĐ: something, anyone,.

​There must be something that is wrong => There must be something wrong.

​

​ĐK 2: Có dấu phẩy, 2 tính từ trở lên

​My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house => My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.

​​5. Dùng Cụm Tính từ

​Chú ý: Trường hợp có 1 tính từ hoặc không có phẩy

​=> Bỏ ĐTQH và be

​=> Tính từ lên trước Danh từ chính

​My grandmother, who is sick, never goes out of the house

=> My sick grandmother never goes out of the house.

​

​I buy a hat which is very beautiful and fashionable

=> I buy a very beautiful and fashionable hat.

​6. Dùng Cụm Tính từ ghép

​I have a car which has four seats.

=> I have a four-seat car.

​

I had a holiday which lasted two days.

=> I had a two-day holiday.

​6. Dùng Cụm Tính từ ghép

​- Nếu MĐQH có: Số đếm + Danh từ

​=> Bỏ ĐTQH

​=> Cụm tính từ = Số đếm + gạch ngang + danh từ (không có s) + Danh từ

​

​Lưu ý:

​-Danh từ không được thêm s

​-Chỉ dùng khi có số đếm

​-Các cụm như tuổi thì sẽ viết lại cả 3 từ và gạch nối giữa chúng (a boy who is two years old là a two-year-old boy)

Fill in the Blanks

Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.

Fill in the Blanks

My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

Fill in the Blanks

The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting.

Fill in the Blanks

The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash.

Fill in the Blanks

The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde

Fill in the Blanks

You are the last person who saw her alive.

Fill in the Blanks

Here are some accounts that you must check.

Fill in the Blanks

I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.

Fill in the Blanks

Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.

Fill in the Blanks

I have some letters that I must write

Fill in the Blanks

He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.

Fill in the Blanks

Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here.

Fill in the Blanks

We have some picture books that children can read.

​We have some picture books that children can read. (Chủ động)

​

​We have some picture books that can be read by children (Bị động) 

​=> We have some picture books to be read by children. 

Fill in the Blanks

Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books.

Fill in the Blanks

We had a river which we could swim in.

Fill in the Blanks

Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?

Fill in the Blanks

The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery.

Fill in the Blanks

He was the second man who was killed in this way.

Fill in the Blanks

I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

Fill in the Blanks

The man who is standing there is a clown.

Fill in the Blanks

The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.

Fill in the Blanks

Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.

Fill in the Blanks

My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

Fill in the Blanks

The student don't know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday

Fill in the Blanks

Customers who complain about the service should see the manager.