Heredity

Heredity

by Gemma Calvo

What is heredity?

Heredity is the process by which genetic information (DNA) is passed from one generation to the next. 

Offspring get a mixture of characteristics from their parents, we say they inherit these characteristics. The variation in these characteristics is inherited variation. Examples include human eye colour, dimpled chins, and blood groups. 

Generation

a group of related organisms making up a single step in the line of descent

Multiple Choice

What is heredity?

• Heredity is the process by which genetic information (DNA) is mutated.

• Heredity is the process by which genetic information (DNA) is passed from one generation to the next.

• Heredity is the process by which people make decisions about their appearance.

​What Are Traits?

• ​Traits are characteristics of living things.​

• Physical characteristics are things you can see such as hair or eye color.

• ​Behavioral characteristics describe how a living thing acts or behaves.

Multiple Choice

A dog playing fetch is an example of?

• inherited trait

• learned behavior

Multiple Choice

A dog shakes hands/paws with its owner and gets a treat. What does this show?

• Inherited trait

• Learned Behavior

• Instinct

• just because

Multiple Choice

What is a trait that is passed from parents to offspring before the offspring is born?

• Learned behavior
• Acquired trait
• Inherited trait
• Offspring

Multiple Choice

What is NOT an inherited trait of humans?

• Favorite type of music
• Freckles
• Hair color
• Height

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an example of a learned behavior?

• A cleft chin
• The color of a flower
• A toddler learning how to read
• A wolf with thick fur

Multiple Choice

The passing of physical characteristics, or traits, from parent to offspring.

• Genetics

• Dominant allele

• Heredity

• Recessive allele

How are traits inherited?

• Organisms passes its traits to its offspring in one or two ways: asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

• Unicellular and some multicellular organisms reproduce asexually

• Asexual reproduction-one organism makes a copy of its genes and itself

• Sexual reproduction-offspring receive half of their gens from an egg cell and the other half from a sperm cell.

Why don't we look identical to our parents?

• DNA is stored inside the nucleus.

• 50% of Mother's DNA is passed on to offspring by the egg cell. 50% of Father's DNA is passed on to offspring by the sperm cell.

• The offspring inherits a combination of this DNA.

chromosome

coiled DNA, found in the nucleus and during mitosis and meiosis

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell

• Chloroplast
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Segments of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) found in chromosomes that give instructions for producing a certain characteristic.

• heredity

• gene

• allele

• genotype

• phenotype

Multiple Choice

Characteristics can also be called

• heredity
• traits
• gene 
• alleles

Multiple Choice

Genes are inherited in pairs, one from each parent.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Every living thing has genetic information stored in the form of

• Ribosomes

• DNA

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why many animals look like their parents?

• Physical characteristics are inherited from their parents.

• Physical characteristics are adapted from their parents.

• Physical characteristics are learned from their parents.

• Physical characteristics are bought from their parents.

Multiple Choice

Instructions are coded in the DNA as genes. Genes are located in -

• Chromosomes

• Lysosomes

• Ribsomes

• Golgi Bodies

Multiple Choice

What is the term for passing the traits from parents to offspring?

• inherited

• heredity

• gene

• trait

Multiple Choice

Heredity is the passage of what from parent to offspring?

• genetic material

• digestive enzymes

• Connective Tissue

• Oxygenated Blood

Multiple Choice

The hereditary information in animal and plant cells is located on the chromosomes, which the cells store in the –

• vacuoles

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Heredity defines the passage of genetic material from –

• parent to child

• sibling to sibling

• mate to mate

• predator to prey

Multiple Choice

The inherited traits of an organism are governed by –

• leukocytes

• cytoplasm

• enzymes

• genes

Multiple Choice

What structure in a cell contains the genetic information?

• Lysosome

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

If an offspring is produced through sexual reproduction, the offspring’s genetic material is always -

• a copy of the genetic material of one parent.

• identical to the genetic material of its siblings.

• completely unrelated to that of its parents.

• a blend of the genetic material of its parents.

Multiple Choice

A tiger cub has patterns of stripes on its fur that is similar to that of its parents. Where are the instructions stored that provide information for a tiger's fur pattern?

• In the cytoplasm

• On genes within chromosomes

• On the cell membrane

• On the mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Three cousins have a similar appearance but different face shape. Which of these cell components are most involved in determining the basic shape of each girls face?

• Genes, chromosomes, nucleus

• Cytoplasm, chloroplast, genes

• Vacuole, nucleus, chromosome

• Chromosome, chloroplast, cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows parts of a cell.

Which organelle stores information that determines an individual's blood type?

• Organelle 1

• Organelle 2

• Organelle 3

• Organelle 4

Multiple Choice

What are traits?

• characteristics of matter

• characteristics of living things

• characteristics of a movie

• characteristics of a school

Multiple Choice

What is DNA?

• Genetic material found in all non-living organisms

• Genetic material found in all living organisms

• A type of cell found in all living things

Multiple Choice

These are found "on" chromosomes and are segments or pieces of DNA.

• genes

• cells

• chromosomes

• DNA