GRAMMAR - ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT

GRAMMAR - ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON

BECAUSE / SINCE / AS / SEEING THAT/AS

to give a reason for a particular reason

​EX:

• BECAUSE I'm late, I won't be able to meet you after all.

(reason) (result)

• ​SINCE you refuse to answer my letters, I'm referring this matter to my lawyer.

(reason) (result)

• ​AS it was getting late, I decided I should go home

• ​SEEING THAT/AS I'm paying for the tickets, I think I should decide what we see.

FOR / ​IN THAT... / INASMUCH AS...

​to give reasons in formal or literary English.

​EX:

• ​we must begin planning now, FOR the future may bring unexpected changes.

• ​the film is unusual IN THAT there are only four actors in it.

• ​Clara and I have quite an easy life, INASMUCH AS neither of us has to work too hard but we earn quite a lot of money.

​BECAUSE OF / DUE TO / OWING TO

​used before a Noun / Noun phrase to give a reason for sth.

​EX:

• ​we were delayed BECAUSE OF an accident

(= because there was an accident) .

• ​she was unable to run DUE TO / OWING TO a leg injury.

(= BECAUSE her leg was injured.)

​DUE TO / OWING TO

• ​to be + DUE TO .....

EX: the company's success is DUE TO the new director. (NOT OWING TO the new director)

• ​to be + a degree adv (entirely, largely, mainly, partly,...) + DUE TO / OWING TO

​EX: the low election turnout was partly DUE TO / OWING TO the bad weather.

• ​it was DUE TO / OWING TO that....

​EX: it was DUE TO / OWING TO his encouragement that she applied for the job.

​FOR and WITH

​FOR (= "as a result of..." or "because of...")

​EX: she was looking all the better FOR her stay in hospital.

​

​WITH (= "because there is/are..." or "as a result of there being...")

​EX: WITH so many people ill, I've decided to cancel the meeting.

Open Ended

2.......................as..

Open Ended

3. seeing as ..............................................

Open Ended

4. because ..............................................

Open Ended

5. ....................... since .......................

Open Ended

6. as ..............................................

Open Ended

7. .................... seeing that ..........................

Open Ended

8. .................... because ..........................

Multiple Select

she claims her illness entirely ..........................stress at work.

• due to

• owing to

Multiple Choice

the cancellation of the competition is..........................lack of interest.

• due to

• owing to

Multiple Select

the popularity of the restaurant is largely...........................its central location.

• due to

• owing to

Multiple Choice

it's likely that the mistake was.......................human error.

• due to

• owing to

Multiple Select

we couldn't see last night's eclipse of the moon............................heavy cloud.

• due to

• owing to

Multiple Choice

i had to drive in dark glassess.............................the bright sunlight.

• because

• because of

Multiple Choice

I couldn't speak to Tom.......................his phone was engaged.

• because

• because of

Multiple Choice

the council had to withdraw its plan to close the swimming pool............................local opposition.

• because

• because of

Multiple Choice

my grandfather couldn't do a sponsored parachute jump............................his age.

• because

• because of

Multiple Choice

he sent the soup back.............................there was s fly in it.

• because

• because of

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using "FOR or WITH":

I got a job as a street sweeper because my money was running out.

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using "FOR or WITH":

I couldn't hear what Sue was saying because of the noise.

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using "FOR or WITH":

Jane went to stay with her aunt because her father was in the hospital.

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using "FOR or WITH":

I felt a lot fitter because of all the exercise I was doing.

Open Ended

Rewrite these sentences using "FOR or WITH":

because the train drivers are on strike tomorrow, I don't think I'll go to London after all.

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

her death was.............................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

we didn't receive your letter ....................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

the crash was most likely....................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

the high price of vegetables is ....................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

he was unable to compete in the match....................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

I can't meet you tomorrow.....................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

the boat couldn't put to sea.................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

she couldn't complete the work......................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

she couldn't get to his house......................................

Open Ended

complete the sentences using adverbial clause od result:

I can't print out the letter.

SUMMARY:

• ​because / since / as / seeing that/as + CLAUSE

​

• ​for / in that / in asmuch as + CLAUSE

​

• ​because of / due to / owing to + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE

​

• ​for / with + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE