Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

by Teresa Schlueter

​What is organic chemistry?

The study of carbon compounds.

​

​Carbon

• ​the backbone of biological molecules

​Carbon and Covalent bonds

• ​Carbon has 4 valence electrons (outer shell electrons)

• ​Allows for several types of covalent bonds.

​Carbon and Covalent bonds

• ​able to form chains

​

​

• ​able to form rings

Multiple Choice

Which of the following elements is required in an organic compound?

• nitrogen
• oxygen
• carbon
• sodium

Multiple Choice

C stands for?

• cat
• calcium
• carbon
• crypton

Multiple Choice

How many chemical bonds can each carbon atom form?

• one

• two

• three

• four

​Macromolecule Formation

• ​Monomers

  • ​small units that can join together to form polymers

• ​Polymers

  • ​large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers

​Macromolecule Formation

• ​Monomers to polymers

  • ​monomers join together by dehydration sysnthesis

  • ​

Multiple Choice

A single unit that can bond to other single units to form a polymer is a:

• Lego

• Monounits

• Monopoly

• Monomer

Multiple Choice

Monomers bond to other monomers through this process:

• Hydrolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

• Gluation

• Freezing

Multiple Choice

A very large organic molecule made up of chains of smaller molecules is called a

• monomer

• polymer

• saturated hydrocarbon

• substituted hydrocarbon

Multiple Choice

Monomers combine to form ________ through the process of ________.

• polymers; hydrolysis
• polymers; dehydration synthesis
• monomers; hydrolysis
• monomers; dehydration synthesis

Multiple Choice

Polymer's split apart to form ________, by __________.

• monomers, hydrolysis

• monomers, dehydration synthesis

• amino acids, hydrolysis

• amino acids, dehydration synthesis

​4 types of polymers

• ​Carbohydrates

• ​Lipids

• ​Proteins

• ​Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

The four organic compounds found in living things are?

• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Oxygen
• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbon
• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
• Carbon, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Macromolecule Chart Carbohydrates

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

  • ​O

• ​Monomer

  • ​C, H, O in a 1-2-1 ratio

Macromolecule Chart​

​Carbohydrates

• ​Function(s)

  • ​energy

  • storage

  • structure

• ​Examples

  • ​glucose

  • ​starch

  • ​glycogen

Macromolecule Chart​ Carbohydrates

• ​Function(s)

  • ​energy

  • ​storage

  • ​structure

Macromolecule Chart​ Carbohydrates

• ​Examples

  • ​glucose

  • ​starch

  • ​glycogen

  • sucrose

Macromolecule Chart​: Carbohydrates

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Monosaccharide

  • simple sugar

    glucose

Macromolecule Chart​: Carbohydrates

• ​Unusual Information

• Disaccharide

  • 2 simple sugars

  • sucrose

Macromolecule Chart​: Carbohydrates

• ​Unusual Information

• Polysaccharide

  • many simple sugars

  • starch/glycoge

Multiple Choice

The monomer Glucose/Monosaccharides make up the polymer....

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

What is the ratio carbon:hydrogen:oxygen in carbohydrates?

• 1:1:1
• 1:2:1
• 2:1:1
• 2:1:2

Multiple Choice

This molecule could be the building block of...

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• lipids

• polysaccharides

• waxes

Macromolecule Chart​ Lipids

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

• ​Monomer

  • ​Glycerol

    • ​3 Carbons

    • ​1 alcohol

    • ​3 fatty acid chain

Macromolecule Chart​ Lipids

• ​Function(s)

  • ​store energy

  • ​biological membranes

  • waterproof covering

  • ​hormones

  • ​structural support

• ​

Macromolecule Chart​ Lipids

• ​Examples

  • ​fats

  • ​oils

  • ​waxes

  • steroids

  • ​corn oil

  • ​hormones

Macromolecule Chart​ Lipids

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Saturated

  • Each C in fatty acid chain has single bond with another C

Macromolecule Chart​ Lipids

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Monounsaturated

  • Have 1 C in fatty acid chain with a double bond to another C

Macromolecule Chart​ Lipids

• ​Unusual Information

• ​Polyunsaturated

  • 2 or more C in fatty acid chain have double bond with another C

Multiple Choice

Is this hydrocarbon saturated or unsaturated? 

• saturated
• unsaturated

Multiple Choice

The monomer Fatty acids make up the polymer....

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is this a picture of?

• Protein
• Nucleic Acid
• Lipid
• Carbohydrate

Macromolecule Chart​: Nucleic Acids

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

  • ​N

  • ​O

  • ​Phosphate (PO₄)

Macromolecule Chart​: Nucleic Acids

• ​Monomer

  • ​Nucleotides

    • ​5 carbon sugar

    • ​phosphate group

    • ​nitrogenous base

Macromolecule Chart​: Nucleic Acids

• ​Function(s)

  • ​store and transmit genetic information

  • ​biological membranes

  • blueprint for making proteins

Macromolecule Chart​: Nucleic Acids

• ​Examples

  • ​Deoxyribonucleic acid

    • ​DNA

  • RIbonucleic Acid

    • ​RNA

Macromolecule Chart​: Nucleic Acids

• ​Unusual Information

• ​in charge of characteristics of life

• ​at least 2 nucleotides combined by a covalent bonds

Multiple Choice

What are the monomers of DNA?

• glycerols
• amino acids
• fatty acids
• nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Building block of ...

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

The monomer Nucleotides make up the polymer....

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Elements

  • ​C

  • ​H

  • ​N

  • ​O

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Monomer

  • ​Amino Acids

    • ​Amino group (NH)

    • ​Carboxyl group (COOH)

    • ​H off central C

    • ​R-group

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Function(s)

  • ​controls rate of reactions for life processes

  • ​forms bones and muscles

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Function(s)

  • ​transports substances in / out of cells

  • helps fight diseases

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Examples

  • ​Collagen

  • Carotene

  • ​Enzymes

  • ​Hemoglobin

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Unusual Information

• ​more than 20 amino acids (aa) formed in nature

• ​bind to other aa by binding amino group to carboxyl group

Macromolecule Chart​: Proteins

• ​Unusual Information​

• ​form poly peptide chains

• ​Fold into complex shapes

Multiple Choice

Proteins are composed of what smaller subunits?

• amino acids
• nucleic acids
• fatty acids
• nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is this a picture of? (Hint: it is made of amino acids)

• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• Lipids
• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is this?

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Which group of biomolecules provides quick energy to organisms?

• proteins
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which group of organic molecules serve as long-term energy storage and waterproof coverings?

• proteins
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which group of organic molecules speed up chemical reactions and serve as immune defense mechanisms?

• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids
• lipids

Multiple Choice

Genetic information is stored in which class of organic compounds?

• proteins
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates