Reproduction of Organism

Reproduction of Organism

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

​SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• ​Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring.

• The cells that combine are called sex cells. Sex cells form in reproductive organs. There are two types of sex cells—eggs and sperm.

• An egg cell is the female sex cell, which forms in an ovary.

• A sperm cell is the male sex cell, which forms in a testis.

• Fertilization (fur tuh luh ZAY shun) occurs when an egg cell and a sperm cell join together. When an egg and a sperm join together, a new cell is formed. The new cell that forms from fertilization is called a zygote.

​SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Multiple Choice

It is a type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring.

• Zygote

• Sperm Cell

• Egg Cell

• Sexual Reproduction

Multiple Choice

The new cell that forms from fertilization is called ____________.

• Zygote

• Sperm Cell

• Egg Cell

• Sexual Reproduction

Multiple Choice

Occurs when an egg cell and a sperm cell join together

• Sexual Reproduction

• Fertilization

• Zygot

• Aexual Reproduction

Multiple Choice

It is the female sex cell

• Sperm Cell

• Egg Cell

DIPLOID CELLS

• Mitosis and cell division produce nearly all of the cells in a multicellular organism.

• ​Organisms that reproduce sexually form two kinds of cells—body cells and sex cells. In the body cells of most organisms, chromosomes occur in pairs. Cells that have pairs of chromosomes are called diploid cells.

CHROMOSOMES

• Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order are called homologous (huh MAH luh gus) chromosomes.

• ​Because one chromosome is inherited from each parent, the chromosomes are not always identical.

CHROMOSOMES

• Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Recall that diploid cells have pairs of chromosomes. Human diploid cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, as shown in the picture above. This means that human diploid cells have a total of 46 chromosomes. It is important to have the correct number of chromosomes. If a zygote has too many or too few chromosomes, it will not develop properly. The process of meiosis helps maintain the correct number of chromosomes.

HAPLOID CELLS

• Organisms that reproduce sexually also form egg and sperm cells, or sex cells. Sex cells have only one chromosome from each pair of chromosomes. Haploid cells are cells that have only one chromosome from each pair.

• ​Organisms produce sex cells using a special type of cell division called meiosis. In meiosis, one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells. Meiosis occurs only during the formation of sex cells.

Multiple Choice

cells that have only one chromosome from each pair.

• Diploid Cells

• Haploid Cells

• Sperm Cells

• Egg Cells

Multiple Choice

Cells that have pairs of chromosomes are called _________.

• Diploid Cells

• Haploid Cells

• Sperm Cells

• Egg Cells

Multiple Choice

one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells

• Fertilization

• Sexual Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction

• Meiosis

Multiple Choice

Meiosis occurs only during the formation of sex cells.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Meiosis occurs only during the formation of sex cells.

• True

• False