9.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

9.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

by KASMAWATI Moe

​

When you think of the word temperature, you probably think of it as a way to measure heat.    

​

WRONG!!!!!!!!!

​

There are words that we use in our everyday lives that are incorrectly used in a scientific context. Heat and temperature are two examples. Starting today, you will need to begin thinking about these words differently. 

Let's begin by taking a look at the word temperature. Temperature is actually a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a substance. Watch the video on the next screen.

Watch the next video that also shows you that temperature is a measure of kinetic energy.

We also use the word "heat" incorrectly. Heat is actually a process. Heat is the transfer of energy from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature. We will be exploring heat in the next lab.

Heat and temperature

If a hot body is brought into contact with a cold body, heat will be transferred from the hot body to the cold body. 

 In order to measure the quantity of heat, we must have a suitable heat unit.   

Heat is a form of energy and therefore has the same unit as any other form of energy, ie the joule (J).

Heat

• the thermal Energy that is transferred from one system to another

• –Movement of atoms

  –Total potential and kinetic energy of molecular motion in a substance.

  –Depends on speed, number (size and mass), and type of particles.

  –Transfers between objects

  –Units Joules, Calorie

• symbol is Q, Q = mCΔT

• A large object can have more heat that a small object with a higher temperature. Ex. water trough and hot cup of coffee

Temperature

• a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system

• –Thermo =heat

  –Meter = to measure

  –Measurement of the average kinetic energy of molecular motion in a substance.

  –Hotness or coldness

  –Does not depend on the speed or type of particle.

  –Units Celcius, K, F

Measuring using a thermometer

The correct technique to read from a thermometer is as shown in Diagram C.

Multiple Select

These are laboratory thermometers. Choose two correct statements.

Ini ialah termometer makmal. Pilih dua pernyataan yang betul.

• The liquid level in the tube increases when the thermometer is put in hot water.

  Paras cecair dalam tiub meningkat apabila termometer diletak dalam air panas.

• The liquid level in the tube increases when temperature decreases.

  Paras cecair dalam tiub meningkat apabila suhu menurun.

• The liquid in the tube expands or contract when expose to different surrounding temperature.

  Cecair di dalam tiub mengembang atau mengecut apabila terdedah kepada suhu persekitaran yang berbeza.

Multiple Choice

In the experiment of an 'iron ball and a ring', the iron ball can pass through the ring before heated. After heated, it cannot pass through the ring. Then, after being cooled, it can pass through the ring again.

• solid expands when heated

  pepejal mengembang apabila dipanaskan

• the iron ball losing heat when heated

  bebola besi kehilangan haba apabila dipanaskan

• the iron ring expands when the iron ball is heated

  gegelang besi mengembang apabila bebola besi dipanaskan

Multiple Choice

From the picture, we can see that the level of coloured water in the tube increases. The correct inference is ...

Daripada gambar, dapat diperhatikan bahawa paras air berwarna dalam tiub meningkat. Inferens yang betul ialah ...

• the coloured water is losing heat

  air berwarna kehilangan haba

• the coloured water contracts

  air berwarna mengecut

• the coloured water is gaining heat

  air berwarna menerima haba

Multiple Select

An empty plastic bottle with a balloon replacing the cap is put in hot water as shown in the diagram.

Sebiji botol plastik yang kosong dengan belon sebagai penutupnya diletakkan ke dalam air panas seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah.

Choose two correct statements.

Pilih dua pernyataan yang betul.

• Air in the bottle expands

  Udara dalam botol mengembang

• The bottle expands

  Botol itu mengembang

• The bottle gains heat

  Botol itu menerima haba

• Air in the bottle gains heat

  Udara dalam botol menerima haba

Multiple Choice

As the kinetic energy increases, what happens to temperature?

• It decreases.

• It increases.

Multiple Choice

Is heat a form of energy?

• yes

• no

Multiple Choice

What is the S.I. unit of heat?

• joule(J)

• Celsius or Kelvin(K)

• Kilometer(kg)

• centimeter(cm)

Multiple Choice

How is temperature related to heat?

• Temperature is a measure of the heat of an object.

• Heat causes a change in the temperature of an object.

• Raising the temperature causes the heat of an object to increase.

• Temperature and heat are two different ways to measure the same thing.

Multiple Choice

The picture below shows a closed system before and after undergoing a change.

What was changed in the system?

• Particles were added to the system.

• Water was added to the system.

• Heat was added to the system.

• Air was added to the system.

Multiple Choice

Emerson places a beaker of water on a hotplate and turns the hotplate on. The temperature in the room is 25 ºC. After the water heats to 75 ºC, she adds pieces of ice to the beaker.

Which of the following describes a transfer of heat energy that occurs during this experiment?

• from the air to the water

• from the ice to the beaker

• from the water to the ice

• from the water to the hotplate

Multiple Choice

Joe places two solid objects in contact with each other. Which property determines the direction of the flow of heat between the two objects?

• material of the objects

• volume of objects

• density of objects

• temperature of objects

Multiple Choice

Jeriah places two metal cubes in contact with each other. Energy transfers as heat flows from Cube A to Cube B. What conclusion can you draw regarding Cube A?

• It is larger than Cube B.

• It is cooler than Cube B.

• It is smaller than Cube B.

• It is warmer than Cube B.

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a heat source?

• the Sun

• iron

• oven

• pot

Multiple Choice

What happens during heat gain?

• the object will expand

• the object will contract

Multiple Choice

What is temperature?

• an emotional state or reaction

• the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time as regards heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc

• a temporary state of mind or feeling

• a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object

Multiple Choice

What happens during heat loss?

• the object will expand

• the object will contract

Multiple Choice

Which of the following shows heat gain?

• water turning into ice

• shivering in a cold room

• ice cream melting under the sun

• hot bowl of soup became room temperature

Multiple Choice

Which of the following shows heat loss?

• boiling water

• eggs cooking on a pan

• ice cream melting under the sun

• hot bowl of soup becoming room temperature

Multiple Choice

How heat is transfered?

• From high to low temperature
• From low to high
• Up to down
• Left to right

Multiple Choice

Heat is...

• the movement of thermal energy from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower

• the movement of thermal energy from an area of lower temperature to an area of higher

• the movement of thermal energy from an area of higher temperature to an area of higher

• the movement of thermal energy from an area of lower temperature to an area of lower

Multiple Choice

Temperature

• the average number of molecules of flatus inside the intestinal tract of a New York City cab driver

• the amount of hydrogen sulfide in the intestinal tract of an equine

• the amount of potential energy of the atoms and molecules in an object

• the amount of kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in an object

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is used for measuring temperature?

• thermometer

• barometer

• anemometer

• scapulometer

• phalangometer

Multiple Choice

Heat is the _______ of energy.

• Transfer
• Measure

Multiple Choice

Temperature is the ________ of energy.

• Transfer
• Measure