Interior Design Obj 2.01 and 2.02

Interior Design Obj 2.01

Colors and Elements and Principle of Design

​How is color effectively communicated?

​Hue- the color itself

1. Value- lightness or darkness of a color (shade= color + black, tint=color + white)

2. Intensity or saturation- brightness or dullness of a color

3. Color wheel- a diagram of the spectrum of hues in a continuous circle representing their relationship to each other. where each color falls on the wheel is based on its relationship to all the other colors. you may start with any color, but once the first color is placed, all the others must go in a certain order.

   1. Primary-colors that cannot be obtained by ‘mixing’ (Yellow, red, blue)

   2. Secondary- mixing two primary colors together (orange, green, violet)

   3. Tertiary-/Intermediate-mixing a secondary and a primary (yellow-orange, red-orange, yellow green, blue-green, red-violet, blue-violet) 

4. Temperature- warm (yellow-green to violet) or cool (yellow to red-violet)

​How do colors relate and interact with each other?

​Color harmonies- colors that have relationships to each other

1. Analogous- 3-5 colors next to each other on the CW (EX: yellow, yellow-orange, orange)

2. Complementary- one color and the color directly across from it on the CW (EX: yellow & purple)

3. Split-complementary- one color and the two colors next to its complement (EX: yellow, red-violet, blue-violet)

4. Triadic- three colors spaced equally apart from one other on the color wheel (EX: yellow, red, blue)

5. Monochromatic- the shades and tints of one color on the CW (EX: Burgundy, red, pink)

6. Neutral (achromatic)- black, white, brown (shades and tints of each)

7. Accented neutral- mostly neutral + a pop of a color

​What factors affect color selection?

​Client preferences or needs

1. Psychological and physiological effects- colors are often associated with certain feelings (EX: blue=sabness, green=envy, yellow=happiness, etc)

2. Culture- Color can have very different associations depending on culture

3. Trends and style- Certain styles use particular color families (jewel tones used in Traditional style). Color forecasting services predict colors that will be popular in the near future

1. Perception of the space

   1. Available light- Orientation of the room to sunlight, Amount of sunlight in space, Color of electric light in the space, Location of the color in the room will affect how light changes the color:

   2. Room size- Warm colors and dark colors can make larger rooms seem cozier. Cool colors and light colors can make small rooms seem larger

   3. Adjoining colors- Colors have relationship to each other and our perception of color is affected by nearby colors.  Consider: Any items that will remain in the space (furniture, flooring, etc.) & Colors found in rooms that are visible from the space being considered

   4. Texture of colored surface- Texture of the colored surface affects our perception of the color.  The same color will appear: Lighter on smooth surfaces because they reflect more light, Darker on softer, plush or rough surfaces because they absorb light

​What steps are used in planning a successful color schemes?

​Steps for planning a successful interior color scheme

1. Select two or three colors that will convey the mood/feel of the space

2. Add a neutral or two

3. Add an additional pop/accent color in a very controlled way

Multiple Choice

A color and the two colors on either side of its complement is called:

• Complementary

• Split-Complementary

• Monochromatic

• Analogous

Multiple Choice

Using only one color in its tints and shades is called...

• Complementary color scheme

• Analogous color scheme

• Split-complementary color scheme

• Monochromatic color scheme

Multiple Choice

Red, yellow, and blue are _______________ colors

• Primary

• Secondary

• Color Wheel

• Intensity

Multiple Choice

Orange, green, and violet are __________________ colors

• Primary

• Secondary

• Color Wheel

• Tertiary

Multiple Choice

Colors that are opposite of each other on the color wheel, such as red and green, are ______________________ colors

• Analogous

• Complementary

• Monochramatic

• Cool

Multiple Choice

When adjacent colors on the color wheel are used together, the color scheme is called _________________

• Neutral

• Cool

• Complementary

• Analogous

Multiple Choice

A ______ is made by adding white to a color.

• Shade

• Tint

• Neutral

• Intensity

Multiple Choice

A ___________ is made by adding black to a color

• Tint

• Intensity

• Shade

• Neutral

Multiple Choice

Another name for color is ___________

• Neutral

• Hue

• Mood

• Element

Multiple Choice

A color scheme that uses three colors that are found equidistant from each other on the color wheel

• Triad

• Complementary

• Split-Complementary

• Monochromatic

Multiple Choice

What are the colors named made from mixing primary and secondary colors?

• Monochromatic

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Gorgeous

Poll

Do you understand Obj 2.01?

• Yes

• No., I Still need help

Interior Design Obj 2.02

Elements and Principle of Design

​What are the elements of design?

1. Line- most basic element of design, used to separate or unify space—eyes tend to follow lines (ex: tall winds add height, low sofas drawn gaze down, creating an illusion of width)

   1. Horizontal - suggest calmness, rest, relaxation. Makes a space look shorter & wider.

   2. Vertical- cause your eye to move up & down, suggest height, strength, dignity and stability. Makes a space look taller & larger.

   3. Curved- seem softer, reflect feelings of organization, eternity, and uniformity, ave a natural feeling and communicate softness, freedom, and openness

   4. Diagonal- communicate different levels of energy depending on the degree of the angle and total number of angles, evoke excitement and movement

2. Color- most important element. Use colors to evoke certain ‘feelings’ (EX: warm colors—red, yellow, orange = bright, excitement, fun whereas cool colors—blue, purple, green= calm and relaxing)

3. Shape- silhouette or outline of an object

4. Form- physical shape of a three dimensional object. Form contains volume and mass, height, width, and depth (2D=rugs & painting, 3D=chairs, sofa, etc)

5. Space- three-dimensional expanse  (large, open =feeling of freedom & luxury; too empty=lonely and uncomfortable)—divide up to get desired result...given boundaries by the walls

1. High mass- visually crowded

2. Low mass/minimalism- simple and sparse (minimalistic)

6. Texture- appearance or feel of a surface

1. Tactile- how it actually feels

2. Visual- how it appears to feel (illusion of how it will feel)

Pattern- repetition of a design in an orderly fashion. Common types are: Geometric (math shapes), Naturalistic (accurring in natural), and Abstract (no clear shape)​

​What are the principles of design?

​Balance

1. Symmetrical/Formal- Achieved by placing identical objects on either side of a central point. This type of balance is often used in elegant and formal rooms.  It is appropriate for traditional decorating styles.

2. Asymmetrical/Informal- Achieved by placing different objects of equal visual weight on either side of a central point. Feels more creative and less traditional.

1. Emphasis- creates a focal point, The eyes are immediately drawn to that point when you enter a room, Gives a feeling of stability and unity to the room, Make sure its worthy, should dominate the room but not overpower it, No feature should compete with the focal point.

2. Rhythm

a. Repetition- When an element of design is repeated. (line, form, color, texture etc.), Repetition is one of the easiest ways to achieve rhythm.

b. Gradation- created by a gradual increase or decrease of similar elements,  The eyes travel through the gradual changes, Examples are color values changing, lines increasing in thickness, textures changing from rough to smooth…etc

c. Radiation- lines flow outward from a central point like a sunburst

d. Transition- created when curved lines carry the eyes from one part of an object or room to another, An arched window will lead the eye from one side to the other.  A drapery swag will draw your attention from one part of the drapery to another

e. Opposition- Deliberate placing of forms or colors to create opposition by abrupt change instead of gradual, Exciting, Old and new, Ornate with plain, Vertical lines meeting horizontal lines.

​What are the principles of design?

1. Scale- Scale is the relative size of an object in relation to other objects, When furniture is scaled to the space they occupy, it is visually pleasing.  For example, large rooms require large-scale furnishings, The furnishings should be in scale with one another and also in scale with the people using them, You must consider visual weight when choosing objects.  ( A wooden chair and an upholstered chair may have the same dimensions but the upholstered chair will look larger and heavier) 

2. Proportion- Proportion is the relationship between a whole object and one its parts, An example would be a lamp to the lamp shade. Proportion can also be described as a ratio, one part to another part or one part to the whole.  The GOLDEN MEAN states that ratios that are unequal, such as 2:3, 3:5, and 5:8 are more pleasing than ratios that are equal like 1:1 or 1:2. 

3. Harmony- When the elements and the principles are used together and create a pleasing design.

   1. Unity- having all parts of a design related by one idea.  Ex. A restaurant where all wooden chairs are painted blue

   2. Variety- change is made in the unity making it more interesting. Ex.  Different types of wooden chairs all painted blue

Multiple Choice

Curved lines add a _______________ feeling

• Exciting

• Powerful

• Soothing

• Boring

Multiple Choice

Diagonal lines add a feeling of..

• Excitement

• Tallness

• Elegance

• Width

Multiple Choice

Which lines draw your eye up and down?

• Vertical

• Zig Zag

• Curved

• Horizontal

Multiple Choice

The physical shape and structure of solid objects.

• Shape

• Form

• Line

• Space

Multiple Choice

____________ can be defined as positive and negative

• Space

• Line

• Color

• Texture

Multiple Choice

All of these ways can help make small spaces seem larger EXCEPT:

• Light colors

• Adding mirrors

• Really big furniture

• Dual purpose furniture

Multiple Choice

___________ Conveys a sense of movement or direction

• Space

• Color

• Line

• Form

Multiple Choice

_________ form looks like the real thing.

• Abstract

• Geometrical

• Free

• Realistic

Multiple Choice

_________ form looks like the real item but is altered

• Abstract

• Geometrical

• Free

• Realistic

Multiple Choice

_________ form uses squares, rectangles, circles and other shapes

• Abstract

• Geometrical

• Free

• Realistic

Poll

Do you understand Obj 2.02?

• Yes

• No, I Still need help