CONNECTORS

CONNECTORS

by Minh Tran

Conjunctive adverbs

​Adding Ideas

• also

• besides

• furthermore

• in addition

• ​additionally

• moreover

​Cause and Effect

• accordingly

• consequently

• hence

  therefore

• thus

• ​as a result

​Contrasting Ideas

• however

• instead

• nevertheless

• rather

• regardless

• still

​Conjunctive adverbs

​1. Link the ideas in TWO or more sentences

​Male songbirds compete for food. In addition, they compete for mates.

​

​2. Link two independent clauses in ONE sentence

​Male songbirds compete for food; in addition, they compete for mates.

​--> Note that a semicolon (;) should be present in this usage.

Multiple Choice

Smoking cigarettes can cause several health problems for smokers. ---, it can affect the health of others who breathe in second-hand smoke.

• Consequently

• Moreover

• On the contrary

Multiple Choice

There are many areas Alan wants to visit in Europe. ---, he really wants to see Switzerland and Italy.

• Consequently

• Meanwhile

• In particular

Multiple Choice

Becoming a doctor requires a lot of study and skill. ---, doctors’ salaries are relatively high.

• Moreover

• Meanwhile

• However

Multiple Choice

Her company’s policy states employees should stay home when sick; ---, Renee did not go to work because she had a stomach flu.

• Accordingly

• Presently

• Eventually

Multiple Choice

Though the meeting did provide some useful information, --- most of the participants felt that it was a waste of time.

• in contrast

• overall

• accordingly

Subordinating conjunctions

​Reason

• ​as

• because

• since

• now that

​Concession

• ​although

• while

• whereas

​Time

• as/when

• while

• ​once

• as soon as

• ​by the time​

Condition

• if

• unless

• ​once

• provided that

• ​in case​

​1. Link two clauses in ONE sentence

People may be reluctant to use public transport because it is inconvenient, too expensive or not available.

​

2. Do not use a conjunction with a ONE-CLAUSE sentence.

Incorrect: Pollution is a much bigger problem. Since more people use cars than public transportation. Correct: Pollution is a much bigger problem since more people use cars than public transportation.

​

Subordinating conjunctions

Multiple Choice

--- there are many advantages of home schooling, it does not work well for every kind of learner.

• Even though

• Since

• Once

Multiple Choice

The college put more lights around the campus --- the students are safer.

• in case

• so that

• although

Multiple Choice

--- the number of car drivers has increased, the obvious solution is to build more roads.

• While

• In view of the fact that

• Therefore

Multiple Choice

--- your order is received, it will be shipped to your house within four business days.

• Moreover

• Before

• Once

Multiple Choice

Your return will be processed in an efficient manner --- you include the original receipt in the mail.

• provided that

• whereas

• unless

​MORE PRACTICE

​

Multiple Choice

The presenter will look at the effects of peer pressure, --- how young people can avoid peer pressure.

• and

• but

• yet

Multiple Choice

Regular exercise increases the blood flow to your heart and keeps your heart healthy. ---, it provides you with a general sense of well-being.

• For example

• Moreover

• Similarly

Multiple Choice

There are delays on all trains --- passengers should allow extra time for boarding.

• due to the fact that

• despite the fact that

• in fact

Multiple Choice

In times of recession, people stop spending, which can have serious consequences for the economy. ---, poor sales can lead to closures of some businesses.

• Because

• Firstly

• Similarly

Multiple Choice

Pets can have a calming effect on their owners. ---, having a pet can increase stress due to the demands made on the owner to look after the pet properly.

• Consequently

• However

• Despite

Multiple Choice

Studies suggest that --- sales of cookery books have increased significantly in the past five years, people spend less time than ever in the kitchen.

• now wthat

• when

• although

Multiple Choice

Humans like to form social groups. ---, many other mammals live together in small communities.

• Surprisingly

• Nevertheless

• Likewise

Multiple Choice

There has been some controversy recently about the benefits and risks of fish consumption. ---, we know that fish supplies us with polyunsaturated fatty acids, substances that might protect against heart disease.

• Hence

• For instance

• O

Multiple Choice

In spite of the fact that learning to speak a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort,

• many people give up after a short time.

• many people manage it successfully.

Multiple Choice

In spite of the fact that learning to speak a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort,

• many people give up after a short time.

• many people manage it successfully.