Sec 1 GE Ch1-1

Introduction to Geography

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​Secondary 1

​Ch1-1

​GEOGRAPHY

​"geo" = earth

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​"graphy" = describing

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​Geography is the study of the Earth.

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​Physical Environment

​Built environment

Open Ended

What is geography?

​Physical Geography

• Physical Environment

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  • Atmosphere

  • Hydrosphere

  • ​​Lithosphere

  • ​Biosphere

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Geographers study various aspects of the Earth

​ATMOSPHERE

• ​Troposphere

  • Contains clouds / rain / weather

• ​Stratosphere

  • Temperature is constant

• ​Mesosphere

  • Temperature decreases with height

• ​Thermosphere

  • ​Temperature increases sharply

• ​Exosphere

  • Outermost layer

​HYDROSPHERE

• Refers to all the water found on the Earth and in the atmosphere

• ​Solid / Liquid / gaseous

• ​E.g. Rivers / Seas / Rain / Snow etc

​LITHOSPHERE

• ​Solid layer of rock that forms the Earth's surface

• ​Includes mountains and valleys

• ​Earth's crust can be up to 70km thick

​Deepest hole ever dug

​The KOLA Superdeep Borehole

​in Russia

​Digging from 1970 to 1991

Reached up to ​12km deep

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​Drilling stopped because temperatures reached 180 celsius

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​And they ran out of money.

​BIOSPHERE

• ​Refers to all living things on the Earth

• ​Dependent on the environment

  • E.g. temperature / rainfall etc

Multiple Choice

Which is not part of the atmosphere?

• Troposphere

• Mesosphere

• Asthenosphere

• Exosphere

Multiple Choice

All weather (thunderstorms / rain / drought) are found in the...

• stratosphere

• troposphere

• mesosphere

• weathersphere

Multiple Choice

Which is part of the LITHOSPHERE?

• weather

• rivers

• mountains

• snow