Review 7 Adaptations, Natural Selection, and Evolution packet

Review 7

Adaptations, Natural Selection, & Evolution packet

By Nikki Chenevert

Multiple Choice

In biology, _____________ refers to the process by which populations change over time.

• evolution

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• variation

What is natural selection?

​

The theory that organisms that are best adapted to their environment are the ones most likely to survive and reproduce

​Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

A species is often defined as a group of interbreeding individuals within a natural population and produce fertile offspring. What would be an exception to this definition?

• humans

• Cheetahs

• bacteria

• deer

Multiple Choice

Assume that you have found two squirrels that look very much alike. One was found on the north rim of the Grand Canyon and the other on the south rim. How could you prove that they are members of the same species? You would have to determine if they can ________

• go extinct

• interbreed and produce viable offspring.

Individuals that possess those favorable traits will live long enough to reproduce and pass down those traits to their offspring. On the other side of the coin, those individuals that lack the advantageous adaptations will not live to see their reproductive periods in their lives and their less desirable characteristics will not be passed down.

Favorable traits

Adaptations. Bioluminescent means that an organism can glow in the dark

Bioluminescence is used by living things to hunt prey, defend against predators, find mates, and execute other vital activities. Defensive Adaptations. Some species luminesce to confuse attackers. Many species of squid, for instance, flash to startle predators, such as fish.

What are bioluminescent adaptations?

Multiple Choice

Natural selection is the process that passes down ____________________ traits.

• Same

• Old

• Useless

• Favorable

Different types of natural selection can impact the distribution of phenotypes within a population.

In (a) stabilizing selection, an average phenotype is favored.

Different types of natural selection can impact the distribution of phenotypes within a population.

In (b) directional selection, a change in the environment shifts the spectrum of phenotypes observed.

Different types of natural selection can impact the distribution of phenotypes within a population.

In (c) diversifying selection, two or more extreme phenotypes are selected for, while the average phenotype is selected against.

Multiple Choice

In recent years, factories have become cleaner, and less soot is released into the environment. What impact do you think this has had on the distribution of moth color in the population?

• Moths have become extinct.

• Moths have shifted to a lighter color.

• Moths have shifted to a dark color.

Multiple Choice

What is an inherited characteristic that helps organisms survive?

• Evolution

• Adaptation

• Natural Selection

• Extinction

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a reason organisms migrate? 

• To reproduce
• To get more food
• To avoid being eaten by predators 
• To find a better (more suitable) climate

Multiple Choice

 According to natural selection, which organisms are most likely to survive?

• The fastest organisms
• The biggest organisms
• The best-adapted organisms
• The most domesticated organisms

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of SELECTIVE BREEDING ?

(also called artificial selection)

• A giraffe’s long neck.

• Training a horse to run faster.

• Clipping a horse’s tail so it is not too long.

• Cross breeding a labrador retriever with a poodle.

Multiple Choice

 What is 1 way selective breeding is DIFFERENT from natural selection?
(Selective breeding is also called artificial selection.)

• Selective breeding does not produce any offspring at all.
• Humans, not nature, control reproduction in selective breeding.
• Nature, not humans, controls reproduction in selective breeding.
• Animals are the only organisms that can be selectively bred, while both plants and animals can undergo natural selection.

Multiple Choice

Yellow ladybugs camouflaged on yellow flowers lived long enough to reproduce, while birds ate most of the red ladybugs. This made yellow ladybugs more prevalent over time. PREVALENT must mean

• Common, frequent, wide spread, more

• Rare, infrequent, fewer, less

• poisonous

• extinct

Multiple Choice

 The diagram shows a population of ladybugs that changed over 15 years. What is the  likely explanation for this change?

• Wings are an advantageous (good) trait.
• Black spots are an advantageous (good) trait.
• Yellow coloring is an advantageous (good) trait.
• Red coloring is an advantageous (good) trait. 

Multiple Choice

When humans breed 2 organisms with specific traits to influence the traits of the next generation, it is __________.

• selective breeding
• natural selection

Multiple Choice

This sequence of pictures of a population of mice in the wild BEST represents _______. 

• natural selection
• selective breeding 
• inbreeding (selective breeding that crosses two organisms with similar genetic traits. )
• asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

“People identify the trait they want, then only allow animals with that trait to breed with one another.” BEST matches:

• Asexual Reproduction

• Natural Selection

• Selective Breeding

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how a finch population changed during the past 50 years. What can you infer based on the graph? 

• Thin-beaked finches prey on wide-beaked finches.
• Wide-beaked finches are better suited for life in an ocean environment.
• Thin-beaked finches are better suited to the environment in Burke Lake.
• Wide-beaked finches are better suited to the environment in Burke Lake. 

Multiple Choice

This picture shows that the LARGE GROUND FINCH has a thick strong beak, an adaptation for eating

• plants
• insects
• cactus
• seeds

Multiple Choice

Why do organisms have to compete for resources? 

• Habitats overlap
• There are too many resources
•  Animals like competition
• Organisms do not have to compete for resources

Multiple Choice

The Venn diagram compares and contrasts migration and hibernation. What can you conclude, based on the diagram?

• Both are a response to change in environment.
• Migration and hibernation require organisms to move.
• A lot of energy is required for migration and hibernation.
• The only response to a change in the environment is hibernation.

Multiple Choice

Which statement BEST describes how hibernation enhances a ground squirrel’s chance of survival?

• During hibernation, the ground squirrel’s heart rate speeds up to warm its body.
• Hibernation causes the ground squirrel to die but come back to life when the weather gets warm again.
• During hibernation, the ground squirrel moves to a warmer climate and doesn’t return until it gets warm again.
• Hibernation slows the ground squirrel’s body processes down so it uses less energy during the cold months when food is scarce.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

• Hummingbirds flying from flower to flower as they are drinking nectar from a plant.
• Whales and dolphins swimming to the water’s surface to breathe air, because the have lungs instead of gills
• Sloths making their homes high in trees to try to protect themselves from predators. 
• Brown-colored lizards surviving and reproducing because they are better able to camouflage themselves from predators. 

Multiple Choice

What do you think would MOST LIKELY happen if a particular species only came in one size, and its predators all ate that one size? 

• The predators would grow bored of eating the same thing and start to eat each other 
• The species would become extinct (all die) because they would all get eaten
• The species would reproduce quickly
• All predators would become extinct (all die). 

Multiple Choice

A gradual change in a trait over time that enables a species to better survive in its environment is a(n) __________. 
(It is a result of natural selection.)

• adaptation
• habitat (home) 
• population 
• competition

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about variations in species or populations is TRUE? 

• Variations help species and populations survive.
• All organisms in a population have the same exact traits
• Physical variations are the only traits that help species or populations survive.
• Behavior variations are the only traits that help species or populations survive.

Multiple Choice

Which is a chemical process where  organisms produce light?

• Bioluminescence 
• Hibernation 
• Migration 
• Luminary

Multiple Choice

Tulips are plants that make seeds when pollinated. Tulips also have an adaptation that helps the next generation sprout up after harsh winters. That adaptation is

• bulbs

• leaves

• flowers

• roots

• seeds

Multiple Choice

"Bioluminescent" means organisms can

• glow in the dark

• see in the dark

• dive to the deepest parts of the ocean

• photosynthesize

Multiple Choice

Differences between organisms that might help an organism to survive (an "adaptation") long enough to reproduce.

• variations

• species

• disadvantages

• adversities