Unit 7 Cell cycle and DNA Replication

Unit 7

The Cell Cycle and DNA​

​Cell Cycle

• 4 Main Stages

  • Gap 1

  • Synthesis

  • Gap 2

  • Mitosi​s

Multiple Select

Which of these are the main stages of the cell cycle?

(more than one answer)

• Gap 1

• Synthesis

• Prophase

• Gap 2

• Mitosis

​Gap 1 (G1)

• First stage of the cell cycle

• Normal cell growth and function

• Checkpoints before S phase

  • Size of cell

  • relatively undamaged DNA​

• DNA Replication

• ​Ends with 2 complete sets of DNA

​

​Synthesis

• Cell Growth​

• Normal functions

• Checkpoints

  • Growth

  • Undamaged DNA​

​

​Gap 2 (G2)

Multiple Select

What happens during G1 of the cell cycle?

(more than one answer)

• Cell Growth

• Normal Functions

• Apoptosis

• Checkpoint

• DNA Replication

Multiple Choice

What happens during S phase of the cell cycle?

• Cell Growth

• Normal Functions

• Apoptosis

• Checkpoint

• DNA Replication

Mitosis (nucleus replication)

4 phases (PMAT)

• Prophase​

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase​

• Nuclear membrane dissolves

• chromosomes form

• spindle fibers form​

​Prophase

• Chromosomes line up across middle of cell

• centrioles on opposite sides of cell​

​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Metaphase

• Spindle Fibers separate sister chromatids

• unattached fibers push to elongate cell​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Anaphase

• ​Spindle fibers dissolve

• nuclear membranes form

• chromosomes uncoil​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Telophase

• Cell cytoplasm pinches and divides

• 2 genetically identical daughter cells

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

In what phase of Mitosis does the nuclear membrane dissolve

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

When do the spindle fibers separate the sister chromatids?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

When does the nuclear membrane reform?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

When do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

• 8 phases

  • ​Prophase I

  • Metaphase I

  • Anaphase I

  • Telophase I

  • Prophase II

  • Metaphase II

  • Anaphase II

  • Telophase II​

• 4 unique daughter cells​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Meiosis (PMAT)

• Nuclear membrane dissolves

• chromosomes form

• spindle fibers form​

• homologous chromosomes are synapsed (connected)​

​Prophase I

• Homologous Chromosomes line up across middle of cell

• centrioles on opposite sides of cell​

• Crossing Over occurs

  • swapping of genetic information on homologous chromosomes​

​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Metaphase I

• Spindle Fibers separate homologous chromosomes

• unattached fibers push to elongate cell​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Anaphase I

• ​Spindle fibers dissolve

• nuclear membranes form

• chromosomes uncoil​

• cytokinesis occurs, but not fully​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Telophase I

• Nuclear membrane dissolves

• chromosomes form

• spindle fibers form​

​Prophase II

• Chromosomes line up in middle of cell

• centrioles on opposite sides of cell​​

​

​Metaphase II

• Spindle Fibers separate sister chromatids

• unattached fibers push to elongate cell​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

​Anaphase II

• ​Spindle fibers dissolve

• nuclear membranes form

• chromosomes uncoil​

• cytokinesis occurs,

• 4 genetically unique daughter cells​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Telophase II

Multiple Choice

How many phases does Meiosis have?

• 4

• 8

• 46

• 23

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are formed during Mitosis?

• 2

• 4

• 1

• 3

• 4 DNA Bases

  Always pair the same​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

DNA Bases

• Adenine (A)

• Cytosine (C)

• Thymine (T)

• Guanine​ (G)

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

DNA Bases

• Always pair exactly the same

  • A to T

  • C to G

• No exceptions to pairing rules​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

DNA Base Pairs

Multiple Choice

How many DNA bases are there?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 6

Multiple Select

Which of these show correct DNA Base Pairing

(more than one answer)

• A-T

• C-G

• A-U

• C-T

• T-A

• Enzymes

• Semi-Conservative​

DNA Replication

• DNA Helicase

• RNA Primase

• DNA Polymerase

• DNA Ligase​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Enzymes of DNA Rep.

• Breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases

• Unzips and unwinds the DNA​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

DNA Helicase

• Uses RNA primers to start DNA replication​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

RNA Primase

• Adds new nucleotides to the existing strands

• ​Works 5' to 3'

• ​Leaves a lagging strand

  • okazaki fragments​

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

DNA Polymerase

• Glues DNA back together

• ​Fills in space between okazaki fragments

​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

DNA Ligase

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix and breaks the hydrogen bonds?

• DNA Helicase

• RNA Primase

• DNA Ligase

• DNA Polymerase

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme adds new DNA bases to the new strands of DNA?

• DNA helicase

• RNA Primase

• DNA Ligase

• DNA Polymerase

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme glues the Okazaki Fragments together?

• DNA Helicase

• RNA Primase

• DNA Ligase

• DNA Polymerase