Cell Division

Cell Division

By Erin Hannan

​What we will cover

• ​what is cell division

• why cell division is essential

• processes of cell division​

  ​

Multiple Choice

Where is the genetic material found in the cell? 

• Nucleolus
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Which  structures are present in animal and plant cells?

• Vacuole, nucleus and cell membrane
• Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm
• Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
• Cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall

​Cell Division Basics

• ​each cell has a cell cycle, where phases of cell division occur

• it is used for growth, reproduction, repairs

• every cell in your body can replicate itself​ or produce reproductive cells

• cell division also occurs in plants and other organisms like bacteria ​

• we began as a single cell, and as a fully grown adult you have about 37 trillion​

​Mitosis

• ​used when a cell needs to make an exact copy of itself

• somatic cells of the body (everything except the sperm and the egg)

• the original cell produces two daughter cells ​

• it uses the genetic information in the nucleus and duplicates it, the the whole cell splits ​

Multiple Choice

The structure of coiled DNA and proteins that forms in the cells nucleus prior to mitosis is 

• centromere
• centriole
• chromosome
• chromatid

Multiple Choice

What is the result of mitosis?

• 1 cell
• 2 genetically identical cells
• 2 genetically different cells
• 4 genetically identical cells

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​Meiosis

• used to create sex/reproductive cells - egg and sperm

• each new daughter cell is not an exact replica, but a mix of the original cells DNA - this is why you are not identical to your siblings

• an egg combines with a sperm cell to create a ​zygote through the process of fertilisation

​Binary Fission (extra)

• A form of asexual reproduction, where a cell doubles its genetic material and then splits itself in half ​

• Bacteria reproduce this way​

Multiple Choice

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other? 

• Sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent.
• Asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent.
• Mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction 
• Asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes cancer?

• absence of cyclins in the DNA
• Multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
• Uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle.
• Presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders. 

Multiple Choice

The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:

• Left: meiosis
  Right: meiosis
• Left: meiosis
  Right: cloning
• Left: mitosis
  Right: meiosis
• Left: mitosis
  Right: mitosis