Psychology - Research Designs

Multiple Choice

The three research designs used in psychology are:

• Qualitative,

  Experimental,

  Observational.

• Quantitative,

  Observational,

  Pre-test Post-test.

• Twin studies,

  Longitudinal studies,

  Cross-sectional studies.

• Focus groups, Experiments, Interviews.

Fill in the Blanks

The variable that is changed / controlled / manipulated by the researcher is known as:

Fill in the Blanks

The variable that is measured, as a result of changing / manipulating another variable, is:

Fill in the Blanks

Any variables other than the IV that may impact the DV, including participant/ situational / experimenter effects, are known as:

Fill in the Blanks

Variables that the researcher tries to keep constant so as to not impact the dependent variable are known as:

Multiple Choice

"It is hypothesised that sleep deprivation will reduce academic performance".

In this hypothesis, the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is:

• Academic performance

• Sleep quality

• Sleep deprivation

• Individual differences in students (abilities, interest in subject)

Multiple Choice

"It is hypothesised that sleep deprivation will reduce academic performance".

In this hypothesis, the DEPENDENT VARIABLE is:

• Academic performance

• Sleep quality

• Sleep deprivation

• Individual differences in students (abilities, interest in subject)

Multiple Choice

"It is hypothesised that sleep deprivation will reduce academic performance".

In this hypothesis, an EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE is:

• Academic performance

• Sleep quality

• Sleep deprivation

• Individual differences in students (abilities, interest in subject)

Open Ended

It is important to have an experimental and a control group in an experiment because:

Multiple Choice

If conducting an experiment on the impact of caffeine (IV) on reaction time (DV), the control group would be __________. The Experimental group would be __________.

• The group with caffeinated coffee.

  The group with decaffeinated coffee.

• The group with decaffeinated coffee.

  The group with caffeinated coffee.

• Those with a faster reaction time.

  Those with a slower reaction time.

• Those with a slower reaction time.

  Those with a faster reaction time.

Multiple Choice

Which type of extraneous variable:

One group of participants completes a mood survey in room 4, where there is a lot of distracting construction outside. The other group of participants completes it in the comfortable and quiet new year 7 building.

• Participant.

• Researcher.

• Situational.

• Methodological.

Multiple Choice

Which type of extraneous variable:

A female researcher is researching the impact of gender on memory. They show bias and favouritism towards the female participants.

• Participant.

• Researcher.

• Situational.

• Methodological.

Multiple Choice

Which type of extraneous variable:

When measuring the impact of caffeine on heart rate, it is evident that some participants have a naturally higher heart rate as they have improved cardiovascular fitness.

• Participant.

• Researcher.

• Situational.

• Methodological.

Open Ended

Identify one advantage with using an experimental design.

Open Ended

Identify one disadvantage with using an experimental design.

Multiple Choice

The main difference between observational studies and experiments is:

• The data in an experiment is quantitative.

• There is less control in an experiment.

• The IV is pre-existing in observational studies.

• The IV is pre-existing in experiments.

Multiple Select

Similarities between observational and experimental designs include (multiple answers):

• The data is quantitative.

• Each has a DV and an IV

• Both have random assignment to experimental / control groups.

• Causation can be inferred for both (cause-effect relationship)

Fill in the Blanks

Would the following study use an observational or an experimental design?

"Does gender (IV) impact attention span (DV)"?

Fill in the Blanks

Would the following study use an observational or an experimental design?

"Are hand-written notes or typed notes (IV) more effective in retention of information (DV)?"

Fill in the Blanks

Would the following study use an observational or an experimental design?

"Does caffeine (IV) impact heart rate (DV)?"

Fill in the Blanks

Would the following study use an observational or an experimental design?

"Do private school students (IV) perform better in exams (DV) than public school students?"

Open Ended

Explain one disadvantage of observational studies.

Open Ended

Explain one diadvantage of observational studies.

Open Ended

What is the main way to differentiate between observational and experimental designs, and qualitative designs?

Multiple Choice

Which design would be best to use as a starting point for future research?

• Experiment

• Survey

• Observation

• Qualitative

Multiple Choice

The ideal number of participants in a focus group is:

• 2-4

• 4-6

• 4-8

• 8+

Multiple Select

Ways to obtain qualitative data include

• Survey with Likert scale.

• Interview

• Delphi technique

• Focus groups

Open Ended

Describe a limitation with using qualitative research methods.

Open Ended

Describe a liwith using qualitative research methods.

Multiple Choice

Identify the research design relevant to the following study:

"Does depression (IV) impact sleep (DV)?"

• Qualitative

• Observational

• Experimental

• Not sure

Multiple Choice

Identify the research design relevant to the following study:

"What behaviours are most useful in improving grades during year 12?"

• Qualitative

• Observational

• Experimental

• Not sure

Multiple Choice

Identify the research design relevant to the following study:

"Do students have higher achievement (DV) when teacher provides reinforcement or punishment (IV)?"

• Qualitative

• Observational

• Experimental

• Not sure

Multiple Choice

The research design that includes the most control over variables, and therefore allows a researcher to infer causation (rather than correlation) is:

• Qualitative

• Observational

• Experimental

• Not sure