Living things in their environment

Living things in their environment

By Teacher Hanna

​Learning outcomes

1. Explain the ways in which living things are adapted to their habitats

2. Explain and model food chains, food webs and energy flow

3. Explain the role of decomposers

4. Describe factors affecting the size of populations

5. Describe and investigate some effects of human influences on the environment

Subject | Subject

​- Stephen Hawking

" Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change " 

Multiple Choice

What is an adaptation?

• A behavior that helps an animal survive.

• The food that animal eats.

• How energy moves in a food web.

• How animals evolve throughout time.

Multiple Choice

How do adaptations help animals?

• to hide from predators
• to hunt for food
• to survive in their habitats
• All of these are correct

Multiple Choice

What are the two types of adaptation?

• Camouflage

• Physical and camouflage

• Behavior and camouflage

• Physical and behavior adaptation

​READ: Textbook page 22-25

• study organisms in their environment

• often use sampling techniques - involves finding results for a small, representative part of the area of their study​

​

You can try to do your own sampling - Activity 2.3

Ecologist

• shows how energy is transferred between organisms

• made up of many interconnecting food chains​

​

Can you make a food web in a rainforest?

Food web

• organisms that get their energy from dead organisms or their waste products

• help to recycle substances from dead organisms and waste so that other living organisms can use them​

What happens if there are no decomposers?

​Decomposer

Multiple Choice

All the organisms of the same species that live in the same area are called a ______.

• Group
• Population
• Herd
• Cluster

Multiple Choice

A factor or factors that can affect species distribution is/are ____.

• Predation
• Disease
• Competition
• All of the above

Multiple Choice

If birth rate plus immigration exceeds death rate plus emigration, a population _______.

• grows
• declines
• stays the same
• none of the above

Multiple Choice

The lion is the natural predator of the zebra. If the zebra population drops, the lion population will most likely

• drop
• thrive
• be unaffected
• decrease, then increase exponentially

Population

definition: all the organisms of one species living in the same place (habitat) at the same time

• population increases in size if the number of births per year > the number of deaths per year; and vice versa

• factor affecting population size:

  • food supply

  • number of predators

  • disease​

1. fertiliser added to a lake

2. increased growth of water plants and algae

3. plants underneath die due to lack of sunlight

4. increase in decomposers as more food from dead plants

5. death of fish as little oxygen in the water

​

Search: eutrophication

​Pollution

effects of fertiliser pollution in water​

​

Main reason:

• using more land to grow crops and farm animals

• building more homes and roads

• cutting trees for firewood and timber

• mining to obtain more minerals from the ground​

Search: habitat destruction in wetlands, rainforests and coral reefs

Habitat destruction

​

​

1. preserving wetlands

2. protecting the ozone layer

3. reducing carbon emissions​

​

Search: Ramsar Convention, CFC emission, global warming

​Protecting the environment

Multiple Choice

A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time is called a(n) _________.

• ecosystem
• population
• community
• organism

Multiple Choice

How can a populaion grow?

• Emigration and death
• Immigration and death
• Immigration and birth
• Emigration and birth

Multiple Choice

What is the very next thing that happens after fertilisers enter a river in eutrophication?

• Fish die due to a lack of oxygen

• Plants below the surface die due to a lack of sunlight

• The number of aerobic bacteria increases

• Fast growth of plants

Multiple Choice

In eutrophication, what directly causes the death of fish?

• The plants use up oxygen in respiration

• The fish are poisoned by high CO₂ levels

• Bacteria use up oxygen in respiration

• The fish use up oxygen in respiration

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct order of changes that occur during eutrophication?

• Aquatic plants cannot photosynthesize and die. Algal blooms blocks light from entering lower levels of a pond or lake. The fish and other aquatic organisms die. The bacteria decompose the algae, and they use up a lot of oxygen during this process. The algae die.

• Algal blooms blocks light from entering lower levels of a pond or lake. Aquatic plants cannot photosynthesize and die. The algae die. The fish and other aquatic organisms die. The bacteria decompose the algae, and they use up a lot of oxygen during this process.

• Algal blooms blocks light from entering lower levels of a pond or lake. Aquatic plants cannot photosynthesize and die. The algae die. The bacteria decompose the algae, and they use up a lot of oxygen during this process. The fish and other aquatic organisms die.

• Aquatic plants cannot photosynthesize and die. Algal blooms blocks light from entering lower levels of a pond or lake. The bacteria decompose the algae, and they use up a lot of oxygen during this process. The algae die. The fish and other aquatic organisms die.

Multiple Choice

Where does most air pollution come from?

• Human activities

• Wildfires

• Volcanic eruptions

• Allergens

Multiple Choice

The number one reason for deforestation?

• Logging

• Agriculture

• Urban development

• To increase biodiversity

Multiple Choice

Caused by too much atmospheric carbon dioxide

• Deforestation

• Desertification

• Global warming

• Ozone depletion

Multiple Choice

What is it called when you use resources wisely and protect them?

• Conservation
• Pollution
• Irrigation
• Crop Rotation