Verbals - Participles and Participial Phrases

Introduction to Verbals

Participles and Participial Phrases

By Andres Trevino

Multiple Choice

What is a verb?

• A word that describes a noun

• A part of speech that expresses an action or links something to a state or condition

• A person, place, thing, or idea

Multiple Choice

Read the following sentence and select the answer choice that correctly describes the verb:

Fred smelled the bouquet of flowers.

• Fred - linking verb

• smelled - linking verb

• smelled - action verb

• Fred - action verb

Multiple Choice

Read the following sentence and select the answer choice that correctly describes the verb:

The candidate appeared confident.

• candidate - linking verb

• appeared - linking verb

• candidate - action verb

• confident - action verb

Multiple Choice

What are the function of adjectives?

• adjectives modify predicates

• adjectives modify nouns/pronouns

• adjectives modify adverbs

• Adjectives modify verbs

Multiple Choice

Which of the following answer choices shows a complete subject:

• -quickly jumped over the hurdle.

• After waking up, -

• The hilarious movie-

• -gave me a delicious sandwich.

• -from the depths of the ocean.

Open Ended

Fill in the blank with an adjective!

The _______ team lost the game.

Open Ended

Fill in the blank with an adjective!

The _______ students wept as they said their final goodbyes to high school.

Open Ended

Fill in the blank with an adjective!

The _______ parents called the teacher a(n) ______.

Verbals

Verbs that are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs are called VERBALs. Although a verbal does not function as a verb, it has two characteristics of verbs: it can be modified, and it can have one or more complements.

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A verbal with modifiers or complements is called a verbal phrase. ​

Multiple Choice

What is a verb that functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb called?

• Verbal

• Super Verb

• Pan-Verbial

Multiple Choice

What is a verbal with complements called?

• prepositional phrase

• verb phrase

• verbal phrase

• adverbial clause

Participles

Many of the adjectives we use everyday are verbals known as PARTICIPLES.

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PARTICIPLES = VERB DESCRIBING a NOUN/PRO​ = ADJECTIVE

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​A participle is a form of a verb that can act as an adjective.​ They will answer the question What kind? or Which one? about whatever noun or pronoun they modify.

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Open Ended

Add a noun to the participle:

ACHING _____

Open Ended

Add a noun to the participle:

TALKING _____

The different kinds of participles are present participles, past participles, and perfect _{(past or present)} participles.

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• Present participles typically end in -ing (frightening, entertaining)​

• Past participles will usually end in -ed (frightened, entertained), but many have irregular endings, such as -t or -en (burnt, written).

• Perfect (past or present) participles ​will include the auxiliary verb having plus the participle.

  ex: having woken up, ​having played

​Participles

​A participle does not act in that way. A participle is basically an adjective because it will modify a noun or pronoun.​

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Is it a Verb or is it a Participle?

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​Words that function as verbs will either link a noun/pronoun to a condition (He is asleep.) or show an action (He kicked the ball.).

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between a verb and a participle?

• participles function as adjectives that modify nouns/pronouns

• no difference

• verbs are past tense, and participles are present

Multiple Choice

What is the function of snarling in the following example:

The dog is snarling at the plumber.

• verb

• adverb

• adjective

Multiple Choice

What is the function of snarling in the following example:

The snarling dog attacked the plumber.

• verb

• adverb

• adjective

Open Ended

Write a sentence using the participle EXCITED:

Open Ended

Write a sentence using the participle INSPIRING:

Open Ended

List 3 Past Participles:

ex: burnt, fallen, toasted

Open Ended

Write three sentences using the participles that were selected:

Open Ended

List 3 Present Participles:

ex: running, jumping, smiling

Open Ended

Write three sentences using the participles that were selected:

​Participial Phrases

When a participle has additional words attached to it, it is a participial phrase.

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A participial phrase is a participle accompanied ​by a complement or modified by an adverb or adverbial phrase.

Essential and Non-Essential Participial Phrases

Nonessential participial phrases are used to give additional information about a noun and are set off with commas.

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Essential participial phrases are a part of the noun so they do ​not need to set apart with commas.

Participial Phrases

Participial phrases can be used to combine information from two sentences into one by changing a verb into a participle.

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of participial phrase found in the following sentence:

Thanos snapping his fingers is a terrifying sight.

• Essential Participial Phrase

• Non-Essential Participial Phrase

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of participial phrase found in the following sentence:

Having destroyed the gauntlet, Thanos was finally able to rest.

• Essential Participial Phrase

• Non-Essential Participial Phrase

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of participial phrase found in the following sentence:

The genius running for mayor is surprisingly honest.

• Essential Participial Phrase

• Non-Essential Participial Phrase

Multiple Choice

Identify the participial phrase found in the following sentence:

All the food cooked in that restaurant is homemade.

• All the food

• is homemade

• cooked in that restaurant

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of participial phrase found in the following sentence:

All the food cooked in that restaurant is homemade.

• Essential Participial Phrase

• Non-Essential Participial Phrase

Multiple Choice

Identify the participial phrase found in the following sentence:

Found at a garage sale, the statue was in good shape.

• found at a garage sale,

• was in good shape.

• the statue

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of participial phrase found in the following sentence:

Found at a garage sale, the statue was in good shape.

• Essential Participial Phrase

• Non-Essential Participial Phrase

Multiple Choice

Identify the participial phrase found in the following sentence:

Looking worn out, the football players rested.

• Looking worn out,

• the football players

• rested.

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of participial phrase found in the following sentence:

Looking worn out, the football players rested.

• Essential Participial Phrase

• Non-Essential Participial Phrase