German question and the population exchange agreement

GERMANS AND THE POPULATION EXCHANGE

By Péter Puskás

I. Germans after 1945

Potsdam Conference (1945): Germans had to relocate into post-war Germany​

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• anti-German feelings were intense

• the lands of the relocated could be redistributed

• about 200,000 Germans were relocated​ just from Hungary

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Some text here about the topic of discussion

Germans after 1945

Germans were considered as WAR CRIMINALS

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Germans were deprived of their citizenship

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Principle of COLLECTIVE GUILT was implemented on them

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Multiple Choice

If he had lived in 1945, he would have been a War Criminal.

• Calvin

• Clemenceau

• Wilson

• Beethoven

Multiple Choice

Who might not have lost his oroginal citizenship in 1945?

• Hans, living in Hungary

• Albrecht, living in Checkoslovakia

• Jürgen, living in Germany

• Günther, living in Poland

Multiple Choice

Who is not guilty of war crimes in the eyes of the winners in Potsdam?

• Hans, the Nazi officer

• Albrecht, a German literature teacher

• Neither

• Both

II. Hungarians in Checkoslovakia after 1945

Czechs considered Hungarians guilty as well.

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• anti-Hungarian feelings were intense

• the lands of the relocated could be redistributed

• about 75000 Hungarians were relocated​ from Checkoslovakia

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Some text here about the topic of discussion

II. Hungarians in Checkoslovakia after 1945

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Hungarians were considered as WAR CRIMINALS

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Hungarians were deprived of their citizenship

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Principle of COLLECTIVE GUILT was implemented on them

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II. Agreement on the Hungarian-Czechoslovakian exchange of population, February 1946

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• Hungarians were considered as WAR CRIMINALS

• ​Hungarians were deprived of their citizenship

• ​​Principle of COLLECTIVE GUILT was implemented on them

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The two states agreed on a population change, in order to save the Hungarians.​

Multiple Choice

A Magyarországból Csehszlovákiába áttelepítendő szlovákokkal és csehekkel egyenlő számban olyan Csehszlovákiában állandó lakóhellyel bíró magyar nemzetiségű személyek telepíttetnek át Magyarországra, akik a Csehszlovák Köztársaság Elnökének a német és magyar nemzetiségű személyek csehszlovák állampolgárságának rendezése tárgyában kiadott, 1945. augusztus 2-án kelt rendelete értelmében csehszlovák állampolgárságukat elvesztették.

The citizens of which state were affected by the exchange of population?

• Czechoslovakian

• Hungarian

• Neither

• Both

Multiple Choice

A csehszlovák kormánynak indokolt esetekben jogában áll, hogy az előző bekezdésben megjelölt személyek áttelepülését ellenezze. […] a Különbizottságnak, tagjainak és személyzetének jogában fog állani, hogy Magyarország területén szabadon közlekedjék, a szlovák és cseh nemzetiségűnek tekinthető személyekkel érintkezzék

Which party was entitled to act freely in connection with the exchange of population in the territory of the other country?

• Czechoslovakian

• Hungarian

• Neither

• Both

Multiple Choice

A csehszlovák kormánynak indokolt esetekben jogában áll, hogy az előző bekezdésben megjelölt személyek áttelepülését ellenezze. […] a Különbizottságnak, tagjainak és személyzetének jogában fog állani, hogy Magyarország területén szabadon közlekedjék, a szlovák és cseh nemzetiségűnek tekinthető személyekkel érintkezzék

Which party had the right to oppose the transfer of certain individuals?

• Czechoslovakian

• Hungarian

• Neither

• Both

Multiple Choice

Germans and Hungarians living in Czechoslovakia were deprived of their citizenship in 1945 with reference to a certain principle?

• MUTUAL RESPECT

• COLLECTIVE GUILTY

• SOVEREIGNTY OF PEOPLE

• PR