Study Guide - Unit of Life

Study Guide - Unit of Life

By Cherry Stewart

• Nucleus - The nucleus holds the genetic material of the cell and directs all the cells's activities.

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• Cytoplasm - The cytoplasm is a fluid jelly-like substance that fills the cells.

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• Cell Membrane - controls materials that enter and exit the cell.​

​BASIC CELL STRUCTURE

Multiple Choice

What does the nucleus hold?

• Water

• Cytoplasm

• Genetic Material

Multiple Choice

What does the nucleus do?

• Directs the cell's activities

• Allows fluid to enter and exit

• Releases energy

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the fluid that is inside the cell?

• Mitochondrion

• Organelles

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

What is the consistency of cytoplasm?

• like paint

• like water

• jelly-like

Multiple Choice

What surrounds the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

• Cell membrane

• Vacuoles

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What does the cell membrane do?

• Directs the cell's activities

• Controls what enters and exits the cell

• Releases energy

​TWO

KINDS OF CELLS

​Eukaryote - a cell which has a nucleus that is clearly seen. The outside of the nucleus has a membrane that separates it from the rest of the cell. This outside membrane makes the eukaryote cell more complex than the prokaryote cell.

​Prokaryotes - unicellular/single cell that does not have a distinct nucleus. The nucleus is spread out inside of the cell. It does not have a membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cell has a nucleus that you can clearly see?

• Prokaroytic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cell does not have a distinct (clearly seen) nucleus?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cell has many cells?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cell is single-celled (unicellular)?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cell is more complex?

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Why is the Eukaryote cell more complex?

• It is unicellular.

• It does not have a nucleus.

• It has a cell membrane around the nucleus.

Multiple Choice

How can you tell which cell is a eukayote? Why?

• The eukaryote cell has a distinct nucleus.

• The eukaryote cell is unicellular.

• The eukaryote cell has vacuoles.

​Organelles - Specialized /special structures within cells

​The green color of the chloroplast is called chlorophyll

​ANIMAL

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Mitochondrion ​

BOTH

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Mitochondrion​

​Vacuole

​PLANT

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Mitochondrion​

Cell Wall

Chloroplast

​

​Cytoplasm - the cytoplasm is a fluid jelly-like substance that fills up the cells

​

Nucleus - The nucleus holds the genetic material (DNA) of the cell and directs the cell's activities

​

Cell membrane - Controls materials that enter and leave the cell

​

Mitochondria - organelle that releases energy​

​Cell Wall - outer covering of the cell next to the cell membrane of a plant

​

Chloroplast - organelle responsible for making food during the process of photosynthesis

​

Vacuole - organelle responsible for storing water.

Multiple Choice

Which organelle has a jelly-like substance that fills the cell?

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Which organelle holds the genetic material of the cell and directs the activities of the cell?

• Mitochondrion

• Nucleus

• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

Which organelle releases energy?

• Mitochondrion

• Vacuole

• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

What is the outer covering of the cell next to the cell membrane?

• Nucleus

• Chlorophyll

• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

What organelle makes food during the process of photosynthesis?

• Chlorophyll

• Chloroplast

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

What is the green color/pigment inside the chloroplast called?

• Mitochondrion

• Nucleus

• Chlorophyll

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible for storing water in a cell?

• Cell Wall

• Vacuole

• Nuceus

Multiple Choice

What are 2 organelles that a plant has that an animal cell does not have?

• Cell Wall

  Chloroplast

• Cytoplasm

  Mitochondrion

• Nucleus

  Cell Membrane

Multiple Choice

Are plant and animal cells exactly the same?

• Yes

• No

• Maybe

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cells contain chloroplast?

• Plant

• Animal

• Both plant and animal

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cells contain mitochondrion?

• plant

• animal

• both plant and animal

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cells have a cell membrane?

• Plant

• Animal

• Both plant and animal

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cells have a cell wall?

• Plant

• Animal

• Both

Multiple Choice

Which kind of cells have vacuoles?

• Plant

• Animal

• Both plant and animals

​Cell Theory

​All living things have one or more cells.

​The cell is the basic level of organization of living things

​1st - The cell is the first unit of organization. (CELL)

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2nd - Cells join together to form different kinds of tissues. ​ (TISSUES)

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3rd - Different tissues join together to form different kinds of organs. (ORGANS)​

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4th - Organs work together to make systems. (SYSTEMS)

​

5th - The systems work together to make the organism. (ORGANISM)​

​Cell Theory

​All cells come from existing cells

Multiple Choice

What are all living things made of?

• one cell

• many cells

• one or many cells

Multiple Choice

A eukaryotic cell is a living thing.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A prokaryotic cell is a living thing.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The first unit of organization for a living thing is ...

• organs

• system

• cell

Multiple Choice

Cells join together to form...

• systems

• organisms

• tissues

Multiple Choice

Tissues join together to form...

• organs

• cells

• tissues

Multiple Choice

When the organs work together, the organs make _______ in the body.

• systems

• organism

• cells

Multiple Choice

Systems work together to make the ________.

• organs

• organism

• tissue

Multiple Choice

Cells are to tissues as tissues are to ______.

• systems

• organs

• organisms

Multiple Choice

Tissues are to organs as organs are to _______.

• systems

• organism

• cells

Multiple Choice

Where do alll living cells come from?

• the soil

• the air

• other cells

​Scientists and Cell Theory

​Robert Hooke - He discovered cells. He studied cork using a compound microscope to study cells. He was the first scientist to use the word cell.

​Matthias Schleiden - Concluded all plants are made of cells.

​Theodor Schwann - concluded all animals are made of cells

​Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - First person to see bacteria

​Louis Pasteur - His work changed medicine. He proved germs cause disease.

​Rudolf Virchow - medical scientist that rejected the germ theory of Louis Pasteur that eventually led to a new discovery from future scientist.

Multiple Choice

Which Scientist used a microscope to observe the cells in cork?

• Hooke

• Virchow

• Schwann

Multiple Choice

Which scientist concluded that plants are made of cells?

• Schwann

• Schleiden

• Leeuwenhoek

Multiple Choice

Which scientist concluded that animals are made of cells?

• Hooke

• Pasteur

• Schwann

Multiple Choice

Who was the first scientist to see bacteria?

• Leeuwenhoek

• Virchow

• Hooke

Multiple Choice

Which scientist proved that germs cause disease?

• Pasteur

• Virchow

• Hooke

Multiple Choice

Which scientist disagreed with Pasteur that germs cause disease?

• Schleiden

• Virchow

• Schwann