12.3-4 Lymphatic System

12.3-4 Lymphatic System

By Stacy King

Adaptive Immunity

Specific Antigen Response

• ​Cell Mediated

• Humoral ​

​Antigens (chemical tags)

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MHC I and MHC II ​(Major histocompatibilty complex)

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T cell receptors for foreign antigens

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Activation of Clonal Selection​

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​MHC and Antigens

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Multiple Choice

T cells recognise antigen

• in its native form

• in solution in the plasma

• following presentation by pattern recognition receptors

• when presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells

Multiple Choice

Which proteins are on the surface of cells and present self and non-self antigens to T lymphocytes?

• Antibodies

• Enzymes

• Major Histocompatibility Complexes

• Immunogens

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Clonal selection

a process how a single B or T cell recognizes an antigen from a pool of differing antigen specificities and then reproduced to generate a clonal cell population that eliminates the specific antigen​

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​ Clonal Selection

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​T cells

• ​increase cytokines

• ​memory T cells (rapid response)

• cytotoxic T cell response​

B cells

• ​plasma cells produce antibodies

• ​memory B cells

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​ Clonal Selection

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Multiple Choice

Clonal Selection

• The process of mediating the antigen specific response

• The process of increasing non-specific antigen response

• The process of B cell formation

​Antigen mediated

T_c Cells ​(cytotoxic cells)

​Antigen specific response

• ​cancer cells

• tissue transplant

• ​specific pathogens​

​form memory T_c cells

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Cell Mediated Immunity

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Multiple Choice

Cell mediated immunity

• cytotoxic T cell activation and formation of memory T cells for antigen specific presenting cells

• B cell activation and formation of plasma cells producing antibody mediated response

​Plasma (B cells)

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​Make antibodies called

Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgD, IgE​, IgA,IgM)

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Soluble ​(free floating in plasma/lymph)

​membrane-bound (attached to b cell membrane)

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Humoral Immunity

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Multiple Choice

Identify the given structure IgG

• antigen

• antibody

• hormone

• MHC

Passive and Active Immunity

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​Active

Antibodies are ​actively being produced

• infection

• ​vaccination with a weakened/mild pathogen

• mRNA vaccines​

Passive

• ​antibodies mother to child

• vaccination of antibodies​

Multiple Choice

A small injected dose of a pathogen that stimulates the production of antibodies is:

• histamine
• interferon
• pathogen
• vaccine

Immunological Disorders and Diseases

​Cancer of the Lymphocytes

non-Hodgkin Lymphoma​

most common ​

Hodgkin Lymphoma

most curable

​Childhood non-Hodgkin Lymphoma ​

​over the age of 5- teens

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Lymphoma

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​Immune response to a nonpathogenic antigen​ (dust, dander,...)

• ​Formation of antibodies

• inflammatory response activation

• Anaphylaxis ​

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​Allergies

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​Dysregulation of the immune response

• T cells and cytokine release

​Diseases

• rheumatoid arthritis ​

• ​type 1 diabetes

• Lupus​

• Chron's disease​

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Autoimmune Diseases

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​HIV infects T cells

HIV DNA causes dysfunction in T cells

• reducing proliferation (quantity)

• decreasing antigen response

​AIDS

• ​helper T cell count falls below 200/mm3

• patient is susceptible to opportunistic infection

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​ HIV and AIDS

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Multiple Choice

Do people die from AIDS?

• Of course, hands down yes!

• Absolutely not there is a cure for this disease

• No, people die from another disease due to a weak immune system

• Possibly... scientists and doctors are not really sure