Viruses and Vaccines

Viruses and Vaccines

By Kristin Ambrose

Bacteria are living cells with DNA. They replicate on their own.

Viruses are small particles of DNA or RNA and need a host cells to reproduce.​

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​Viruses are different than bacteria

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Viruses have RNA inside of the capsid. The capsid is surrounded in an envelope of protein spikes.

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​Virus Structure

Multiple Choice

Which is smaller virus or bacteria?

• Virus

• Bacteria

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true for both bacteria and viruses?

• both contain genetic material

• can be killed using antibiotics

• have a cell membrane

• have a protein coat

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about viruses?

• Viruses can eat and metabolize food.

• Viruses can reproduce only using a host cell.

• Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time.

• Viruses contain DNA, so they are alive.

Viral spikes attach to receptors on the cell and trick the cell into letting it in.

​Viruses use spikes to enter cells.

virus life cycle

Multiple Choice

Which is the proper order for the steps of the viral life cycle?

• Attachment, injection, replication, assembly , spread

• spread, injection, attachment, assembly, replication

• Injection, assembly, replication, attachment, spread

• Replication, assembly, Injection, attachment, spread

Multiple Choice

Viruses are non-living

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.

• outer coat
• genetic material
• core
• cytoplasm

T-cells attack infected cells in the body. They recognize infected cells by the viral spikes on the cell membrane.

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​T-cells

B-cells recognize viruses or ciral parts outside of the cell. They make antibodies to fight the infection. They have a memory system.

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​B-cells

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Multiple Choice

A white blood cell that makes antibodies

• T cell
• bacteria
• B cell
• mast cell

Multiple Choice

Killer T Cells-

• Kill the pathogen
• Kill your infected body cells
• Kill only viruses
• Kill only bacteria

Multiple Choice

The part of foreign materials that cause a response from the immune system are called _____________________.

• Antigens/Spikes

• Active Immunity
• Antibodies
• Antibiotics

Multiple Choice

Proteins produced by B cells and designed to mark antigens to be destroyed, specific to the antigen.

• Antigens
• Active Immunity
• Antibodies
• Antibiotics