IMMU 183 Progress test LO1 and LO2 Review

LO1 and LO2 Review

By Katie Hitchings

Multiple Choice

Which Acute Phase Plasma Protein increases drastically during bacterial infections?

• C-Reactive Protein

• Haptoglobin

• Fibrinogen

• Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

​C-Reactive Protein

• ​increases several hundred fold during bacterial infections

• fastest responding and most sensitive indicator of acute inflammation

• Remember: Acute phase plasma proteins occur after injury and are a nonspecific inflammatory response

Multiple Choice

Which component of the complement pathway will help to attract neutrophils during inflammation?

• C3a

• C4a

• C5a

• C6

​C5a

• Anaphylatoxin- increases ​vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells

• Chemotaxin- Chemical messenger that directs migration of cells into an area

Multiple Choice

What complement component stabilizes C3 convertase in the Alternative Pathway?

• Factor B

• Factor P

• Factor D

• Factor S

​Factor P = Properdin

• C3 convertase (C3bBb) is unstable so Factor P acts to stabilize it by creating C3bBbP

• C3 convertase will then cleave more C3 into C3a and C3b (amplification)

Multiple Choice

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

• IgA

• IgD

• IgM

• IgG

​IgG

• ​Smallest in size

• highest concentration in our body

• 2 antigen binding sites

• Has 4 subclasses and 25 Gm allotypes

• can act as an opsonin

Multiple Choice

This enzyme can cleave an immunoglobulin into one F(ab)2 portion and several Fc portions:

• Papain

• Pepsin

• Pepsi

• Paratope

​Pepsin

• ​an enzyme which can cleave immunoglobulin below the hinge region resulting in F(ab)2 fragment and many small Fc fragments

Multiple Choice

What is one main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

• Provides protection

• Results in memory

• Uses macrophages

Multiple Choice

Which antibody component is responsible for protecting an antibody from being digested by proteolytic enzymes?

• J chain

• Secretory component

• Proteolase component

• Delta chain

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

• Spleen

• Lymph Node

• Tonsils

• Thymus

​Lymhpoid Organs

• Primary: Bone Marrow and Thymus

• Secondary: Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Appendix, MALT​

Multiple Choice

Which MHC Class is displayed on all nucleated cells?

• MHC Class I

• MHC Class II

• MHC Class III

• MHC Class IV

Multiple Choice

What is the interleukin released by macrophages that promotes proliferation of Helper T cells?

• IL-4

• IL-3

• IL-2

• IL-1

Multiple Select

Which two immunoglobulins are the most common membrane receptors on B lymphocytes?

• IgM

• IgG

• IgD

• IgA

Multiple Choice

A hapten is:

• Half an immunoglobulin

• A carrier molecule for an antigen that is not antigenic alone

• An immunoglobulin functional only in the presence of complement

• Not immunogenic

​Hapten

• Not immunogenic on its own

• not large or complex enough to stimulate the immune system

• When bound to a carrier they are capable of st​imulating an immune repsonse

Multiple Choice

What do Cytotoxic T cells secrete that attracts and activates phagocytic cells?

• Gamma-interferon

• C5a

• IL-2

• IL-4

Multiple Choice

A snug fit between a single paratope and a single epitope describes avidity.

• True

• False

• Sum of all attractive forces between the antibody and antigen

• hydrophobic, hydrogen, electrostatic forces, Van der Waals forces

​Avidity

• Snug fit between a single paratope and a single epitope

• Specificity determines initial force of attraction

​Affinity

Affinity vs. Avidity

Multiple Choice

What units are used when determining the affinity constant?

• g/mL

• $$\mu g$$  /mL

• mL/mole

• L/mole

Multiple Choice

What occurs in the prozone area of an antigen-antibody reaction?

• Equal amount of antigen and antibody

• Too much antigen

• Too much antibody

• Too much hapten

Multiple Choice

How would you report the titre from this example of doubling dilutions?

• 2

• 4

• 8

• 16

​Titre

• ​Reciprocal of the highest antibody dilution which results in a visible reaction when mixed with it's corresponding antigen

• Way of estimating amount of antibody present​ in patient specimen