IMMU 183 Progress test LO1 and LO2 Review

LO1 and LO2 Review

By Katie Hitchings

Fill in the Blanks

The first stage of inflammation is vascular permeability. Which major chemical is released by mast cells during this stage?

Multiple Choice

Which Acute Phase Plasma Protein increases drastically during bacterial infections?

• C-Reactive Protein

• Haptoglobin

• Fibrinogen

• Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

​C-Reactive Protein

• ​increases several hundred fold during bacterial infections

• fastest responding and most sensitive indicator of acute inflammation

• Remember: Acute phase plasma proteins occur after injury and are a nonspecific inflammatory response

Multiple Choice

Which component of the complement pathway will help to attract neutrophils during inflammation?

• C3a

• C4a

• C5a

• C6

​C5a

• Anaphylatoxin- increases ​vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells

• Chemotaxin- Chemical messenger that directs migration of cells into an area

Multiple Choice

What complement component stabilizes C3 convertase in the Alternative Pathway?

• Factor B

• Factor P

• Factor D

• Factor S

​Factor P = Properdin

• C3 convertase (C3bBb) is unstable so Factor P acts to stabilize it by creating C3bBbP

• C3 convertase will then cleave more C3 into C3a and C3b (amplification)

Multiple Choice

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

• IgA

• IgD

• IgM

• IgG

​IgG

• ​Smallest in size

• highest concentration in our body

• 2 antigen binding sites

• Has 4 subclasses and 25 Gm allotypes

• can act as an opsonin

Multiple Choice

This enzyme can cleave an immunoglobulin into one F(ab)2 portion and several Fc portions:

• Papain

• Pepsin

• Pepsi

• Paratope

​Pepsin

• ​an enzyme which can cleave immunoglobulin below the hinge region resulting in F(ab)2 fragment and many small Fc fragments

Fill in the Blanks

What complement component does C4b2a act on in the classical complement pathway?

Multiple Choice

What is one main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

• Provides protection

• Results in memory

• Uses macrophages

Multiple Choice

Which antibody component is responsible for protecting an antibody from being digested by proteolytic enzymes?

• J chain

• Secretory component

• Proteolase component

• Delta chain

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?

• Spleen

• Lymph Node

• Tonsils

• Thymus

​Lymhpoid Organs

• Primary: Bone Marrow and Thymus

• Secondary: Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Appendix, MALT​

Multiple Choice

Which MHC Class is displayed on all nucleated cells?

• MHC Class I

• MHC Class II

• MHC Class III

• MHC Class IV

Multiple Choice

What is the interleukin released by macrophages that promotes proliferation of Helper T cells?

• IL-4

• IL-3

• IL-2

• IL-1

Multiple Select

Which two immunoglobulins are the most common membrane receptors on B lymphocytes?

• IgM

• IgG

• IgD

• IgA

Multiple Choice

A hapten is:

• Half an immunoglobulin

• A carrier molecule for an antigen that is not antigenic alone

• An immunoglobulin functional only in the presence of complement

• Not immunogenic

​Hapten

• Not immunogenic on its own

• not large or complex enough to stimulate the immune system

• When bound to a carrier they are capable of st​imulating an immune repsonse

Multiple Choice

What do Cytotoxic T cells secrete that attracts and activates phagocytic cells?

• Gamma-interferon

• C5a

• IL-2

• IL-4

Multiple Choice

A snug fit between a single paratope and a single epitope describes avidity.

• True

• False

• Sum of all attractive forces between the antibody and antigen

• hydrophobic, hydrogen, electrostatic forces, Van der Waals forces

​Avidity

• Snug fit between a single paratope and a single epitope

• Specificity determines initial force of attraction

​Affinity

Affinity vs. Avidity

Multiple Choice

What units are used when determining the affinity constant?

• g/mL

• $$\mu g$$  /mL

• mL/mole

• L/mole

Multiple Choice

What occurs in the prozone area of an antigen-antibody reaction?

• Equal amount of antigen and antibody

• Too much antigen

• Too much antibody

• Too much hapten

Multiple Choice

How would you report the titre from this example of doubling dilutions?

• 2

• 4

• 8

• 16

​Titre

• ​Reciprocal of the highest antibody dilution which results in a visible reaction when mixed with it's corresponding antigen

• Way of estimating amount of antibody present​ in patient specimen