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Biol 242 Exam 3 Review

Biol 242 Exam 3 Review

Assessment

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Science, Biology

University

Easy

Created by

Christopher A Jackel

Used 4+ times

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25 Slides • 21 Questions

1

Biol 242 Exam 3 Review

By Christopher A Jackel

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Multiple Choice

Tissue that lines the outside of the body & Internal Organs, and are responsible for acting as a barrier to pathogens, as well as involved in absorption, and secretion would be?

1

Connective Tissue

2

Epithelial Tissue

3

Muscle Tissue

4

Nervous Tissue

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Explanation

Connective Tissue: ​Holds tissues and organs together, stores fat, involved in gas exchange, and can be mineralized into bone. Ex. RBC

Muscle Tissue: ​Contractile Filaments; Voluntary movement & Involuntary organ movement. Ex. heart beat

Nervous Tissue: ​Reciept, Process and transmit information. Ex. Nuerons & Glial cells (support cells for neurons)

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Multiple Choice

Evolution acts on the ____, While natural selection acts on the ____

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Population, Individual

2

Parents, Offspring

3

Individual, Population

4

Offspring, Parents

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Explanation

​If over time a population of white fish turns red:

​​

-The population is evolving to be red

-Natural selection is acting on individuals (red fish survive and reproduce more)​

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Multiple Choice

A dog shedding more of its hair in the summer is an example of an...

1

Adaptation

2

Acclimation

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Explanation

Adaptation: A heritable, genetic trait that confers a benefit to survival or reproduction; does not change during an organism’s lifetime

Acclimation: ​A physiological change during an organism’s lifetime to aid its survival or reproduction; may or may not be temporary/reversible

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Multiple Choice

Question image

Will Smith Is an example of an?

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Poikilothermic endotherm

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Poikilothermic ectotherm

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Homeothermic endotherm

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Homeothermic ectotherm

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Explanation

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Poll

True or False: Oxytocin causing contractions that further increase oxytocin levels during birth is an example of a negative feedback loop

True

False

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False

Negative Feedback loop: The output of a system inhibits its own production. Ex. Thermoregulation.

Positive Feedback​ Loop: Output of a system promotes its own production

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Multiple Select

Select All That Apply: Amoeba (Unicellular Organism) access gasses and nutrients by:

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Circulatory Systems

2

Directly bathing in external solution

3

Diffusion across very short distance

4

Gastrovascular cavities

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Explanation

-Unicellular organisms access gases and nutrients by diffusion

-​In animals, circulatory systems enhance access of cells to oxygen and nutrients:

​1.Gastrovascular cavities

2.Open circulatory systems

3.Closed circulatory systems

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Multiple Choice

Deoxygenated blood from the body will enter the human heart through the...

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Left Ventricle

2

Left Atrium

3

Right Ventricle

4

Right Atrium

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​Explanation

Atria: Collect blood coming into the heart from veins

Ventricles: Pump blood out of the heart through arteries

Right Side: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

Left Side: Receives oxygenated blood from ​ the lungs

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Multiple Choice

True or False: Veins carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries back to the heart

1

True

2

False

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Explanation

-Veins collect blood from capillaries and bring it back to the heart:

*could be oxygenated OR deoxygenated​

Ex: Oxygenated blood travel through veins from the lungs to the heart​ (pulmonary veins)

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Multiple Select

Question image

Select All That Apply: What are the characteristics of a lady bugs circulatory system?

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Low Pressure Systtem

2

Uses hemolymph to bath organs directly

3

Low Energy Cost

4

Open-ended Capillaries

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Explanation

-Lady Bugs Are Insects -> Open Circulatory Systems:

-Use​ hemolymph (blood and interstitial fluid to bath organs directly in nutrients

-Low cost/energy system

-No real red blood cells, use free O2 binding protein (hemocyanin) in plasma​

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Poll

An organism that has lungs with higher surface area and thin wall would have a rate of diffusion that is _____ during gas exchange compared to an organism with lungs that have a smaller surface area and thicker walls

Higher

Lower

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Higher

​-Higher surface area = Diffusion occurs more quickly

-The thinner the tissue/membrane (less distance) = diffusion is quicker

-All respiratory systems have relatively high surface area (alveoli), thin-walled (capillary coat), and are easy to keep moist​ (gasses need to be dissolved to cross cell membranes)

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Multiple Choice

Frogs force air into their lungs by contracting muscles in their oral cavity. This is an example of...

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Positive Pressure Ventilation

2

Negative Pressure Ventilation

3

Gills

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Explanation

Positive Pressure Ventilation: ​Forcing air into the lungs (usually by contraction)

Negative Pressure Ventilation: ​Inhalation driven by lowering pressure compared to the outside (gas wants to flow from high pressure to low)

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Multiple Choice

Question image

In alveoli, which fluid has a higher partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

1

blood in pulmonary capillaries

2

air in alveolar sacs

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Explanation

-Gasses diffuse from areas of high pressure to low pressure

-Body wants oxygen from alveolar sacs (lungs) to move into pulmonary capillaries in order to transport it to the heart.

-The pressure in the alveolar sacs must be higher​

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Multiple Select

Select All That Apply: What would be the effect if hemoglobin did not demonstrate cooperativity?

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it would be unable to have subunits

2

it would be unable to offload lots of oxygen to oxygen poor muscles

3

It would be unable to bind to oxygen

4

It would be unable to uptake oxygen when close to saturation

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Explanation

​-Cooperativity is responsible for hemoglobins ability to change in oxygen affinity

-deoxygenated hemoglobin​ has low affinity for oxygen

-Oxygenated hemoglobin has high affinity for hemoglobin

-If oxygen binds to one of hemoglobins subunits, other subunits more likely to take up oxygen​

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Multiple Choice

1. Complex Carbohydrates(polysaccharides) breakdown into ____

2. Proteins (polypeptides) breakdown into ____

3. Fats (lipids) breakdown into ____

1

1>Amino Acids

2.Monosaccharides

3.Fatty Acids

2

1.Fatty Acids

2.Monosaccharides

3.Amino Acids

3

1.Monosaccharides

2.Fatty Acids

3.Amino Acids

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1. Monosaccharides

2. Amino Acids

3. Fatty Acids

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Explanation

Polysaccharides (complex carbs) -> monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Polypeptides (proteins) -> Amino Acids

Lipids (fats) -> Fatty Acids​

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Poll

True or False: Proteins and Fats digestion begins in the oral cavity

True

False

31

False

-Protein digestion begins in the stomach when pepsin is introduced

-Fat digestion begins in the small intestine when bile salts (from liver) are introduced ​

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Multiple Choice

A fruit bat is likely to produce more of what enzyme compared to a lion?

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Amylase

2

Pepsin

3

Lipase

4

Nuclease

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Explanation

-Amylase breaks down polysaccharides and disaccharides​ (complex carbs such as sugar in fruits)

-Pepsin is used to breakdown proteins

-Lipase is used to breakdown fats

-​Nuclease is used to breakdown nucleotides

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Multiple Choice

If a patient is introduced to glucagon, but blood glucose levels remain low, this is most likely due to atypical ____ function

1

Liver

2

Pancreatic

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Explanation

​-When blood glucose level is low: pancreas secreates glucagon which promotes liver to breakdown glycogen

-​When blood glucose level is high pancreas produces insulin which signals liver to store glucose as glycogen

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Multiple Choice

A splinter causes warmth, redness and swelling at the site of the injury because?

1

Skin cells begin rapidly dividing to account for damaged skin

2

Neutrophils release cytokines at the site of injury, and recruit other neutrophils to the area

3

Macrophages in the blood engulf bacteria from the splinter and expand

4

Mast cells (triggered by skin cells) signal histamines which dilate blood vessels

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Explanation

-Damaged skin cells trigger the release of histamines and other chemical signals from mast cells (Which recruit other immune cells)

-Histamines cause blood vessels to dilate (and become more permeable to leukocytes

-​ Neutrophils are from blood, Macrophages are from tissue, both destroy pathogens.​

-Macrophages​ can aslo release cytokines which attract more nucleophiles

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Multiple Choice

_____ is a cell that matures in the bone marrow and produces antigen receptors and antibodies that detect diverse antigens

1

Helper T Cells

2

B Cells

3

Cytotoxic T Cell

4

Pathogen

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Explanation

-​B cells: mature in bone marrow

-T cells: mature in thymus

B cells: ​produce antigen receptors and antibodies that detect diverse antigens

T cells: ​produce receptors that can recognize pathogen fragments displayed by MHC molecules on other cells

Helper T Cells: ​Bind to pathogen (or B cell) by MHC, release cytokines which attract other B cells and cloning

Cytotoxic T cells: Recognize MHC of infected cell (stimulated by helper T cells), and secretes perforin which lyse infected cell

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Multiple Choice

Question image

A Clownfish has the issue of ____water because the water is ____compared to the fish

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Gaining, Hypoosmotic

2

Losing, Hypoosmotic

3

Losing, Hyperosmotic

4

Gaining, Hyperosmotic

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Explanation

-Water flows from areas with lower solute concentration to areas with higher concentration (salt is solute and the fish has less salt than the water)

-​Hyperosmotic: Solution with higher solute concentration

-Hypoosmotic: Solution with lower solute concentration​

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Multiple Choice

When dehydrated, the hypothalamus will release ADH which will result in the urine becoming...

1

More Concentrated

2

Less Concentrated

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Explanation

-When dehydrated, your body wants to hold onto as much water as possible.

-​ADH (antidiuretic hormone), released by hypothalamus creates aquaporins in the collecting ducts

-Aquaporins (channels ​for water in epithelial cells) allow water to leave the collecting duct and return to the body (raising urine concentration)

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Biol 242 Exam 3 Review

By Christopher A Jackel

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