6th Grade Chapter 4

Thermal Energy

Thermal Energy → sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in an object; thermal energy of an object increases as temperature increases

Heat → thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature

Thermal Energy Transfer

Conduction → Transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter. Occurs in solids, liquids, & gases. Metals are the best conductors.

Convection → Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place. Occurs in liquids & gases.

Radiation → Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Occurs in gases only.

Multiple Choice

This type of thermal energy transfer can take place in solids, liquids, & gases when two objects are touching.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

This type of thermal energy transfer can take place in gases only.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

This type of thermal energy transfer can take place in fluids (liquids & gases). Rising of warmer fluid and sinking of cooler fluid forms a current.

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

The thermal energy transfer being shown in this image is...

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

The thermal energy transfer being shown in this image is...

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Multiple Choice

The thermal energy transfer being shown in this image is...

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

Conductors vs. Insulators

Conductors - materials in which heat flows quickly

Insulators - materials in which heat flows slowly

Thermal Energy

All objects want to reach thermal equilibrium. Or, they want their temperatures to be equal.

In order to make this happen, heat will move from the hotter object to the colder object.

Heat will stop flowing once the two objects reach the same temperature, or are at thermal equilibrium.

Multiple Select

Which of the boxes in the image are at thermal equilibrium? Choose all that apply.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Select

Which of the boxes shows the correct direction of heat transfer? Choose all that apply.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

If you added ice (0^oC) to a glass of water (15^oC) how would the heat move between the ice & water?

• from the ice to the water

• from the water to the ice

Multiple Choice

Conduction is heat transfer by -

• Touch
• Circles
• Waves

Multiple Choice

Warm air rises and the cool air sinks demonstrates this type of heat transfer. 

• conduction
• convection
• radiation
• Insolation 

Multiple Choice

The heat from a hot burner to a pot is transferred by ______.

• convection
• insulation
• radiation
• conduction

Multiple Choice

The sun warming your skin is an example of heat transfer through 

• conduction
• convection
• radiation
• thermal electricity

Multiple Choice

Radiation is a method of thermal energy transfer that moves -

• through empty space.
• when objects touch.
• only through solids.
• in the motion of fluids.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are kinds of heat transfer.

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
• All of the above

Multiple Choice

In what direction do hot liquids and gasses move?

• Side to Side
• Down
• Up
• Back and Forth

Multiple Choice

What type of heat transfer takes place in liquids and gasses?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Thermal Equilibrium

Multiple Choice

What type of heat transfer takes place in solids?

• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation

Multiple Choice

Which example below is an example of convection?

• Standing on a hot metal bridge
• The attic is warmer than the basement
• The Sun heating the Earth
• Touching hot sand with your feet

Multiple Choice

Which example below is an example of radiation?

• Standing on a hot metal bridge
• The attic is warmer than the basement
• The Sun heating the Earth
• Touching hot sand with your feet

Multiple Choice

This is an example of a(n)

• Conductor of heat
• Insulator of heat
• Insulator of electrical
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What happens to particles as they heat up?

• They slow down
• Nothing
• They don't move
• They speed up

Multiple Choice

What type of material makes the best insulators?

• Aluminum
• Copper
• Styrofoam
• Metal

Multiple Choice

When you leave your cold drink outside, the glass may have water drops on it.  This is an example of...

• condensation
• evaporation
• precipitation
• estuary

Multiple Choice

Two students were studying properties of water.  One student placed a cup of 100ml of water into a beaker on a burner to boil.  Another student placed an identical cup containing 200ml  of water in an identical beaker on another burner to boil.  Which of the following will be the same for both cups of water?

• the temperature at which the water boils
• the mass of the boiling water
• the time it takes the water to boil
• the volume of the boiling water

Multiple Choice

Which form of energy causes water to boil?

• sound energy
• mechanical energy
• thermal energy
• light energy

Multiple Choice

Which change is happening to the water?

• it is changing from a liquid to a gas
• it is changing from a liquid to a solid
• it is changing from a solid to a gas
• it is changing from a gas to a liquid

Multiple Choice

Which process does the diagram show?

• freezing
• boiling
• evaporation
• melting

Multiple Choice

The change of state from a solid to a liquid is called ______.

• Freezing
• Boiling
• Melting

Multiple Choice

If a door was left open between the bedroom (74 degrees) and the living room (68 degrees), what would likely happen to the temperatures after several hours?

• nothing, they would not change

• both rooms would become hotter 

• both room would become colder

• the bedroom temp. would lower and the living room temp. would rise

Multiple Choice

If an insulator is doing it's job well, the temperature of an object over time should...

• rise slowly

• lower quickly

• show very little change

• rise quickly

Multiple Choice

Hot things have ____________ thermal energy than cold things

• more

• less

• same

• potato

Multiple Choice

Objects with MORE MASS have______________

• lower potential energy

• lower number of atoms

• higher thermal energy

• higher temperature

Multiple Choice

Cold things often have a _________ kinetic energy because_______

• lower; particles are moving around less

• lower; particles are moving around more

• higher; particles are moving around the same

• higher; particles do not move

Multiple Choice

As temperature increases, molecules _____________

• move slower

• move the same

• move faster

• stop moving

Multiple Choice

Nash puts his cold Coke Slurpee on to the metal roof of his mom's car. Describe the heat transfer that takes place.

• Heat is transferred from the car's roof into the Slurpee and increases the temperature of the Slurpee.

• Heat is transferred from the Slurpee into the roof and increases the temperature of the roof.

• The Slurpee stays the same temperature until it is completely gone.

• The roof doesn't change temperature due to the fact that it sits in the sun all day.

Multiple Choice

To measure the temperature difference between two cups of water, you would use a _____.

• measuring cup
• ruler
• thermometer
• balance scale

Multiple Choice

Kinetic Energy is the energy of _________

• thermal

• movement

• potential

• atoms

Multiple Choice

Everything has thermal energy

• False

• True

Multiple Choice

All matter is made up of atoms that are constantly moving

• True

• False