Solubility Rules

Solubility Rules​

By Mrs. Hilt

Students will be able to...

• ​understand the rules of solubility

• ​determine the solubility of a substance (in water)

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Objectives

Multiple Choice

True or False

All salts are ionic compounds.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False

All ionic compounds are polar.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False

Water is polar.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What best describes a substance that is soluble?

• A substance that does not dissolve in another substance.

• A substance that dissolves in another substance.

Multiple Choice

What best describes a substance that is insoluble?

• A substance that does not dissolve in another substance.

• A substance that dissolves in another substance.

Below are some mnemonic tricks for remembering the solubility rules.

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HOWEVER, the rules are also listed on the back of the blue Periodic Tables you use on tests & quizzes!

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No memorization needed, but you do need to know how to use the rules.

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Rules of Solubility

Solubility Rues: Soluble Ions

Example: CaCl₂ is aqueous, but CaSO₄ is insoluble in water.

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​Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺

​Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺​

Exceptions

INSOLUBLE when combined with _____​.

GROUP 1 (Li⁺, Na⁺, ​K⁺,​ ​Rb⁺, Cs⁺)

Ammonium (NH₄⁺)​

Nitrate (NO₃^-)​​

Acetate (C₂H₃O₂^-)​​​

Bicarbonate (HCO₃^-)​​​​

Chlorate (ClO₃^-)​​​​​

Perchlorate (ClO₄^-)​​​​​​

GROUP 17 Halide (F^-, Cl^-, Br^-,​ I^-)

Sulfate (SO₄^2-)​

Ions that form Soluble (aq) Compounds

Solubility Rues: Insoluble Ions

Example: Na₂CO₃ is aqueous, but CaCO₃ is insoluble in water.

Group 1 ions or ammonium

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Group 1 ions, ammonium​, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺

Group 1 ions or ammonium​

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Group 1 ions or ammonium​

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Group 1 ions, ammonium​, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺​

Exceptions

SOLUBLE when combined with _____​.

Carbonate (CO₃^2-)

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Chromate (CrO₄^2-)​

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Phosphate (PO₄^3-)​​

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Sulfide (S^2-)​​​

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Hydroxide (OH^-)​​​​​

Ions that form Insoluble (s) Compounds

Multiple Choice

Identify if the following would be soluble or insoluble in water:

NaNO₃

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Select

Why is NaNO₃ soluble?

• Nitrates are soluble

• Group 1 ions are soluble

• Nitrate ions are never soluble, but this is an exception

• Group 1 ions are never soluble, but this is an exception

Multiple Choice

Identify if the following would be soluble or insoluble in water:

Iron (II) carbonate

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Why is iron (II) carbonate insoluble?

• Iron is always insoluble

• Carbonate is insoluble and iron is not an exception

• Carbonate is soluble, but iron is an exception

• Transition metals are always insoluble

Multiple Choice

Identify if the following would be soluble or insoluble in water:

MgCrO₄

• Soluble

• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

Why is MgCrO₄ soluble?

• Magnesium is always soluble

• Chromate is soluble and magnesium is not an exception

• Chromate is insoluble, but magnesium is an exception

• Group 1 metals are always soluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Zinc hydroxide

Zn(OH)₂

• Soluble 
• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Silver iodide

AgI

• Soluble 
• Insoluble 

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Zinc  carbonate

ZnCO₃ 

• Soluble 
• Insoluble 

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Potassium hydroxide

KOH

• Soluble 
• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Silver acetate

AgC₂H₃O₂

• Soluble 
• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

nickel chloride

NiCl₂

• Soluble 
• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Lead iodide

PbI₂

• Soluble
• Insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Ammonium nitrate

NH₄NO₃

• soluble
• insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

Barium chloride

BaCl₂

• soluble
• insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

sodium nitrate

NaNO₃

• soluble
• insoluble

Multiple Choice

State whether the following compound is soluble or insoluble.

barium sulfate

BaSO₄

• soluble
• insoluble

Poll

On a scale of 1-5, how confident do you feel about differentiating between soluble and insoluble substances?

1 - "I'm lost" & 5 - "I've Got this!"

• 1 - "I'm lost"

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5 - "I've Got this!"