Chemical Bonds, James Bonds

Chemical Bonds, James Bonds

By Jacob Bradley

Covalent Bonds (Polar & Non - polar)

Ionic Bonds​

There are two basic types of bonds

-Covalent Bonds

-Ionic Bonds​

Most atoms make bonds with other atoms.

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The connection between atoms are called bonds.​

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Keywords - Atomic Bonds

Bonds

polar bonds​

nonpolar bonds​

ionic bonds

Electronegativity

​Electrostatic Force

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polarity​

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Inert​

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The connection between two atoms

A type of connection when electrons are shared unequally​

​A type of connection when electrons are shared equally​

​A type of connection when electrons are transferred creating ions

​The ability an atom has to attract electrons in a atomic bond

The force of attraction between the electrons of one atom and the protons of a different atom​

Is when a molecule or compound developed a negative and positive pole due to unequal electronegativity​

​An atom that is non-reactive, meaning it does not form bonds with other atoms. ​

All atoms want to be inert. This means they want to have their outer shell full or have 8 electrons in their outer shell.

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​Why do atoms form bonds? Atoms want to be inert

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All Nobel gases are naturally inert: Helium, Neon, Krypton, Argon, Xenon, Radon, & Oganesson

Oxygen is not inert. It needs two more electrons to fill its outer shell.

Hydrogen is not inert. It needs one more electron to fill its outer shell.

Hydrogen and Oxygen will share two electrons to fill the outer shell of all atoms ​

​Atoms - want to be inert

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Sodium is not inert. It has only one electron in its outer shell

Chlorine is not inert. It needs one more electron to fill its outer shell.

Sodium will give up its electron to Chlorine. This make both atoms inert because their outer shells will be full.

​Atoms - want to be inert

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When the electrostatic force attracts two atoms together the electrons in the outer shells are shared.​

Covalent bonds

​If the elements have different levels of electronegativity, the electrons will be shared unevenly​.

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This uneven sharing causes the compound to be polar, with a positive side and a negative side.

Polar Covalent bonds

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Common Examples:

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Water - H₂O​

​Ammonia - NH₃

Sulfur dioxide - SO₂

Hydrogen sulfide - H₂S

Ethanol - C₂H₆O​

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Polar Covalent bonds

​If the elements identical or nearly identical levels of electronegativity, the electrons will be shared evenly​.

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This even sharing causes the compound to be non-polar.

Non-Polar Covalent bonds

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Common Examples:

​Hydrogen Gas - H₂,

Nitrogen Gas - N₂,

Oxygen Gas - O₂,

Chlorine Gas - Cl₂

Carbon dioxide - CO₂

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Non-Polar Covalent bonds

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When an electron is transfered to another atom, it creates two ions, a positive ion called a cation and a negative ion called a anion.

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Due to their opposite charges they are attracted to each other and form a ionic bond.​

Ionic bonds

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Common Examples:

Table salt: NaCl

Baking Soda: NaHCO₃

Bleach:​ NaClO

Ionic bonds

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