3.5.2. - G12 - Revision 6 - Urbanisation

3.5.4. - G12 - Revision -

Urbanisation

By Liz Anderson

​Remember

Open Ended

Why does urbanisation occur?

​What is a World City

​A world city is a city that has political and financial influence over the whole world. Most are in the developed world but some, including Dubai, are in emerging economies.

Multiple Select

What sort of influence does a world city have over the rest of the world? There is more than one answer

• Financial

• Emotional

• Political

• Strategic

​The problems associated with urbanisation are: high population density, inadequate infrastructure, lack of affordable housing, flooding, pollution, slum creation, crime, congestion and poverty. This problem of high population density is caused due to the heavy rate of migration from rural areas.

Open Ended

Write three things that are problems associated with urbanisation.

Multiple Select

Why did urbanisation rise less in developed countries since 1945?

There is more than one answer.

• Many people were already in urban areas in 1945

• There were not enough houses so people had no where to live in urban areas

• Urbanisation started earlier in the developed world

• Even though some people were moving into the city, there were also a similar amount leaving the cities

Urbanisation​

Sub - Urbanisation​

Counter - Urbanisation​

Urban Resurgence​

​1. Urbanisation

​This is the growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

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It normally happens because of migration, especially rural-urban migration, and natural increase, when birth rate is higher than the death rate. People often migrate to cities for better access to schools and healthcare, and because there are more employment opportunities.. Many migrants are young adults and if they have children the population increases further.

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In developing countries, urbanisation can result in shantytowns: unplanned and often illegal settlements made out of any material available for construction.

Open Ended

What are the two things that help urbanisation?

​2. Sub - Urbanisation

​This is the migration of people from city centres to the fringes of cities. As urbanisation increases, city centres become overcrowded and people want more space.

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Improvements to transport links mean people can live further away and commute to work. Many people choose to move to the suburbs when they have children or retire.

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A complex pattern of wealthy and poorer areas develops. Wealthier middle-class people may move to the suburbs where there is a better quality of life. Those left behind are poorer and may include foreign immigrants. This can lead to economic and ethnic segregation.

Open Ended

What is sub-urbanisation?

Write a quick sentence in your own words.

​3. Counter - Urbanisation

This is the movement of people out of the city into nearby villages and rural areas.

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Improvements in transport mean people can commute to work and better communication such as Internet access enables people to work from home.

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People leave city life behind because of high property prices and overcrowding. Some people may just prefer quieter countryside locations.

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Counter urbanisation can result in new housing estate being built in rural areas. House prices may increase, meaning that some local people, especially younger generations, are unable to afford to live there. It can change the age structure of an area as the average age may increase.

Multiple Choice

What is counter - urbanisation?

• Moving into the urban areas

• Moving from the city to the countryside

• When geographers count data in terms of urbanisation

Open Ended

Why does counter-urbanisation happen?

Write at least ONE reason.

​4. Urban Resurgence

This is the movement of people back to the city centre. People may choose to move back to city centres because of a lack of jobs in rural or suburban areas. People are also attracted by new developments, such as high-quality housing.

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Urban resurgence is common in many post-industrial countries, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States.

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New shops and services may open in the city as people move back, benefiting the local economy and creating jobs. However, the original residents may not be able to afford to live in the area any longer, and may be forced to move to more affordable locations

​Megacities

• ​Urbanisation has resulted in the emergence of megacities.

• Population growth in urban areas has increased the number of large cities across the planet.

• A megacity is an urban area with over 10 million people living there.

For example, Istanbul, Turkey and Seoul, South Korea.

• In 1950 there were only two megacities, Tokyo and New York. By 2014, there were 28 megacities and this is predicted to rise to 41 by 2030.

• More than 66% of megacities are in developing countries.

For example Lagos, Nigeria.

Multiple Choice

How many people need to live in a city for it to be considered a megacity?

• Minimum 5 million

• Minimum 10 million

• Minimum 15 million

• Minimum 20 million

Multiple Choice

Sydney is NOT considered a megacity because...

• It is in Australia

• Its population is only 4.4 million

• It is a coastal city

• It is a world city

Multiple Choice

Megacities have a population of ...?

• Over 9,000

• Over 10 million

• Over 50 million

• Over 100 million

Multiple Choice

Where are the majority of megacities located?

• Africa

• Europe

• Asia

• The Americas

Multiple Choice

Urbanization is

• The process of urbaning
• When an increasing percentage of a country's population lives in cities
• When more people move from one city to another
• When the size of cities grow

Multiple Choice

reasons for counter-urbanization include

• high land prices, pollution, high crime
• reinvestment into inner-city areas, gentrification
• attractions such as the olympics and new skyscapers

Multiple Choice

Most of the world's population live in megacities

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is a slum?

• A city that has the population of 10 million people

• A cool city

• It is a overcrowded urban residential area.

• A river

Multiple Choice

Slums lack certain things. They lack things like sanitation, personal safety and clean water. True or False?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Slums are often built within big cities and have a housing authority that plans what they look like. True or False?

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Why do people live in slums?

• They come there to help family that are already there

• They live there because they lost their house in a natural disaster

• They come to the slums as they are closer to employment opportunities

• They live in the slums because they are uneducated

Multiple Choice

What do some governments ultimately hope to achieve by intervening in the slums?

• To give clean water

• To make sure people are happy

• To help people get out of the cycle of poverty and be able to leave the slums

• Free education because slum people are so poor.

Multiple Choice

The name and population of one of the largest slums in India is:

• Mumbai,

  10 million people

• Kolkata,

  100,000 people

• Dharavi,

  1 million people

• Dharavi

  100,000 people

Multiple Choice

What is the general stereotype about people living in the slums?

• They are alright as long as you don't have to sit with them

• They are thieves and dirty people who cannot speak properly

• They are happy and positive people despite living in the slums

• They are not to be touched because you might catch a disease.

Multiple Choice

True or False:

A slum is an urban area with a lack of basic services

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

How do slums form?

• People are forced to live there as punishment

• people are lazy

• Poor planning

Multiple Choice

Negative impacts of living in slums on residents include...

• Low levels of health

• Pollution of land and water

• Vulnerability to fire, landslide and eviction

• All of these options