Rise of Islam

Rise and Spread of Islam

Mr. Porter 6th and 7th SS

• Islam began on the Arabian Peninsula around 600 CE

• At the time, the people​ were polytheistic and nomadic

• Women were treated as equals and slaves could easily earn their freedom​

• ​

​Where and When

Multiple Choice

What best describes the religious beliefs of Native Arabians?

• Polytheistic

• Monotheistic

• Atheist

• Jewish

Islam is considered to be an "Abrahamic" Religion similar to Judaism and Christianity

It began in modern day Saudi Arabia with a man named Muhammad​

Beginnings

Muhammad was raised by his wealthy uncle and married a successful business woman

These relationships​ protected him from other with his controversial opinions

​​Muhammad

​Muhammad would visit a cave outside of Mecca

At this cave he received revelations from Allah that instructed him ​on his commandments

​​​The Cave

​

Multiple Choice

Islam is considered a ___________ Religion

• Abrahamic

• Pagan

• Fake

• H

• Muhammad began preaching to the people of Mecca

• His teachings of one god, prayer, and alms were vastly different than the native religion​

• ​After the death of his uncle and wife, Muhammad was ran out of Mecca

​Conflict

• ​Muhammad fled to Medina where he was seen as a prophet and earned a government position

• He continued to teach the words of Allah and raised an army to take back his home of Mecca​

​​Medina

​

• Muhammad returned to Mecca and conquered the city

• He gave an ultimatum that the people either convert to the teachings of Allah or they would be killed

• Mecca then became on of the Holy Cities of Islam​

​​Mecca

Multiple Choice

Which city did Muhammad flee to after he was kicked out of Mecca?

• Medina

• Mecca

• Jerusalem

• Constantinople

Five Pillars

​Basic Beliefs

Judaism has the 10 Commandments, Christianity (Catholic) has the ​7 Sacraments, and Islam has the 5 Pillars:

• ​Shahada - Profession of Faith / Devotion to Allah

• ​Salat - Prayer

• ​Zakat - Alms (Similar to tithes or donations)

• ​Hajj - Pilgrimage (Journey to the Holy City of Mecca)

• ​Sawm - Fasting​

• Muhammad became the religious and political leader of Mecca

• He declared that there would be no other prophet after his death​

• This led to conflict when he died in ​632 CE

​

​Muhammad After Mecca

Multiple Choice

True or False:

Muhammad declared himself the last prophet

• True

• False

Next in line​

Split of Islam

Those who followed Muhammad's close friend and his leadership became known as followers of Sunni Islam​

​​Sunni

Those who followed Muhammad's ​son-in-law/cousin and his leadership became known as followers of Shia Islam

​​Shia

Multiple Choice

Followers of Sunni Islam followed:

• Muhammad's Friend

• Muhammad's Son-in-Law

• Muhammad's Sister

• Muhammad's Mother

Fatimid and Abbasid

New Empires of Islam

​Islam in the Middle Ages

• By the Great Schism of Christianity in 1054 CE, Islam had spread throughout the Middle East, Asia, and Africa

• There were two large caliphates (Islamic Empires) at the time

• The Sunni Caliphate of the Middle East known as the Abbasids

• The Shia Caliphate of North Africa known as the Fatimids​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

The Shia Caliphate of the time were known as the

• Fatimids

• Abbasids

• Ottomans

• Seljuks

​Achievements

Both of these Calipahtes had the following achievements:

• United diverse people under one religion

• Preserved Greek and Roman knowledge through the House of Wisdom (Sunni in Baghdad and Shia in Cairo)

• Began their own discoveries and inventing surgeries, algebra, the number 0, and a new writing system

• Establishing overseas trade routes with India, China, and Africa

• Creating new tools such as early steel and cannons

• Building mosques (Islamic places of worship), universities, public libraries, and hospitals

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was not an achievement of the Abbasids and Fatimids?

• Creating World Peace

• Building Universities

• Preserved Greek and Roman Knowledge

• Inventing the number 0

• In 1071 CE a b​reakoff of the Abbasid Caliphate attacked the Byzantine Empire

• They turned to Rome for help​

• This would then begin the Crusades of Christianity vs Islam​

​Worlds Collide

​

Multiple Choice

When Islam and Christianity clash it would begin the

• Crusades

• Imperisalism

• Civil War

• World War 1