Intake and Release

Intake and Release

By Vanbeth Camson

Open Ended

Now that we are on our last topic, what do you feel?

Poll

Are enzymes PROTEINS?

• YES

• NO

Multiple Select

What are the factors that denature proteins?

• pH

• temperature

• concentration

• substrate

Multiple Choice

What is amylase?

• an enzyme that digests proteins into amino acids

• an enzyme that digests polysaccharides (starch and glycogen) into glucose

• an enzyme that digests polysaccharides (starch) into glucose

• an enzyme that digests polysaccharides (starch and glycogen) into dextrin, maltotriose, or maltose

The carbon that was once a part of the carbonyl group of the sugar molecule before it reacts internally with its own hydroxyl group to form the ring structure.

​​Anomeric Carbon

Reducing sugars retain the OH group in their anomeric carbon after ring formation and glycosidic linkage.

Carbon 1 is anomeric

The carbon that was once a part of the carbonyl group of the sugar molecule before it reacts internally with its own hydroxyl group to form the ring structure.

​​Anomeric Carbon

Reducing sugars retain the OH group in their anomeric carbon after ring formation and glycosidic linkage.

Carbon 2 is anomeric

Contains cupper sulfate which will oxidize aldehydes into carboxylic acids

Benedict's Reagent

​

Carbohydrates that retain the OH groups in their anomeric carbon can form the Fischer projection (non-ring structure) to expose the aldehydes which will react with cupric oxide

​​Benedict's Reaction

Multiple Select

In Experiment 6.1- Digestive System- Enzymes and Digestion, what are the contents of TUBE 1?

• starch

• amylase

• pH 7 buffer

• pH 2 buffer

​​Subheader

Multiple Select

In Experiment 6.1- Digestive System- Enzymes and Digestion, what are the contents of TUBE 2?

• starch

• amylase

• pH 7 buffer

• pH 2 buffer

Multiple Choice

In Experiment 6.1- Digestive System- Enzymes and Digestion, what is the purpose of making a maltose control solution (TUBE 3)?

• it confirms that the tube contains sugar

• it shows which pH is best for this reaction

• it confirms that Benedict reagent produces an orange color in the presence of maltose

• it confirms the presence of starch

Multiple Select

In Experiment 6.1- Digestive System- Enzymes and Digestion, why do you test the mixtures in a water bath that is at 37°C?

• at this near-freezing temperature, enzymes are stable

• it is the same as the body temperature

• it is the lab standard

• amylase denaturation will occur beyond this temperature

Multiple Select

In Experiment 6.1- Digestive System- Enzymes and Digestion, what is the purpose of making a control solution with starch and water at pH 7 but not including amylase (TUBE 4)?

• to eliminate the possibility that starch is broken down into simple sugars by any other mechanisms than that of amylase

• to confirm that amylase is broken down in neutral environment

• to show that benedict reagent causes a color change in the presence of starch

• to prove that all the other steps do not cause the digestion of starch, only the action of amylase

Multiple Choice

In Experiment 6.1- Digestive System- Enzymes and Digestion, why are the mixtures in the tubes heated after adding the Benedict's reagent?

• to enhance the production of maltose from starch

• the Benedict's reaction requires heat to cause a color change

• to inhibit the production of maltose from starch

• to hasten the hydrolysis of starch

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.2- Urinary System- Urinalysis, the pads on a urinalysis test strip contain which of the following?

• urine solutes

• pH indicators

• urine solvents

• reagents that react with solutes

Multiple Select

Experiment 6.2- Urinary System- Urinalysis, Which of the following are NOT normally found in urine? Choose all that apply.

• blood

• leukocytes

• protein

• glucose

Multiple Select

Experiment 6.2- Urinary System- Urinalysis, Which of the following are normally found in urine? Choose all that apply.

• glucose

• nitrogenous waste

• water and salts

• toxins

Urinalysis Results

Urinalysis Results

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.2- Urinary System- Urinalysis, based in the results, which urine sample has normal results?

• Sample 1

• Sample 2

• Sample 3

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.2- Urinary System- Urinalysis, which patient may have urinary tract infection?

• sample 1

• sample 2

• sample 3

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.2- Urinary System- Urinalysis, based on your urinalysis results, which patient should be further evaluated for diabetes?

• sample 1

• sample 2

• sample 3

Stomata

Xylem

Phloem

Multiple Select

Which among the following are plant adaptations to reduce transpiration?

• smaller leaf surface area and fewer stomata on the leaves

• trichomes (hairs on the epidermis that reduce evaporation)

• closing of stomata in hot, dry conditions

• a thick, waxy cuticle to limit water loss

Multiple Select

Which among the following are environmental conditions that affect transpiration rate?

• temperature

• amount of light

• atmospheric humidity

• wind

Multiple Choice

Transpiration is caused by __

• cohesion-tension of water due to evaporation from the leaves

• mass flow of sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant

• plant cells pumping water to the leaves

• evaporation of water from teh soil

Multiple Choice

Suppose you coated the plant's leaves with petroleum jelly, how would it affect transpiration?

• transpiration will increase

• transpiration will decrease

• transpiration will not change

Transpiration Data

Transpiration Data

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.3- Plants- Transpiration, which type of plant had the highest stomatal density?

• tropical

• temperate

• desert

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.3- Plants- Transpiration, which plant had the highest rate of transpiration?

• tropical

• temperate

• desert

Multiple Choice

Experiment 6.3- Plants- Transpiration, which environmental factor will cause the highest transpiration rate?

• heat

• wind

• humidity

• light

Multiple Select

Experiment 6.3- Plants- Transpiration, which environmental factors that you tested increased the transpiration rate above normal lab conditions?

• light

• high humidity

• wind

• heat