Physics Final Review

Physics Final Review

By Stacy King

Displacement

• direct distance between two points

• can be negative or positive

• total distance determines how far the object has traveled from its original location

• it is always less than the distance covered by an object under consideration

• it always happens in a specific direction

Multiple Choice

Scott drives a Jeep 12 km east, then 4 km north, then finally 3 km west. He traveled a total distance of:

• 5 km
• 10 km
• 13 km
• 19 km

Multiple Choice

A baseball player runs 27.4 meters from the batter's box to first base, overruns first base by 3.0 meters, and then returns to first base. What is the total Displacement?

• 27.4 m

• 30.4 m

• 25.4 m

• 3.0 m

Velocity

• vector (direction and magnitude)

• change in displacement (linear is also distance)/time

• m/s

• can be in the positive or negative direction

• or stated as directional N,E,S,W

Multiple Choice

Jose wandered 4 km at 2 km/hr. How long did Jose wander?

• 2 hours

• 8 hours

• 0.5 hours

• 2 km

Multiple Choice

What is this graph representing?

• Constant Speed
• Acceleration (speeding up)
• Deceleration (slowing down)
• No motion

Formulas

Free Fall

• acceleration due to gravity

• 9.8m/s^2

• the rate of change as an objects velocity perpendicular to the ground

• initial velocity is usually zero unless otherwise stated

• air friction is negated (vacuum or no wind resistance)

Multiple Choice

A ball is thrown upward in the air with an initial velocity of 40 m/s. How long does it take to reach back to the point it was thrown from?

• 4 seconds 
• 2 seconds 
• 6 seconds 
• 8 seconds 

Kinetic

KE = 1/2mv​²

Potential ​

PE= mgh

Momentum ​

​p=m​v

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​Potential Kinetic and Momentum

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Work= Force x displacement

W=Fd​

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Work

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Multiple Choice

The work done in raising an object must result in an increase in what type of energy that the object possesses?

• Potential

• Kinetic

• Electrical

• Chemical

Momentum and Impulse

• ​Inertia in motion

• p is the momentum

• p= mass x velocity ​

• ​p=mv

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​Momentum

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Multiple Choice

The definition of momentum is

• Mass in Motion
• The size of an object
• The velocity of an object
• A comparison between two objects

​Impulse is the change in momentum.

• ​j = impulse

• j= Force x ∆​ time

• j= ​mass x ∆velocity

  • F∆​t=m∆v

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​Impulse

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Multiple Choice

If the change of momentum of an object is 50kg m/s, we can say the impulse is equal to:

• 0 kg m/s

• 25 kg m/s

• 50 kg m/s

• 100 kg m/s

Momentum is conserved

• Perfectly ​Elastic

  • ​2 objects bounces off one another

• Perfectly inelastic

  • 2 objects stick together​

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​Collisions

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Multiple Choice

While playing pool, Emma notices that the pool balls bounce apart.  What type of collision is this?

• Elastic
• Inelastic
• Explosive
• Force

​m₁ = mass of object 1

v​₁ = velocity of object 1

m₂= mass of object 2

v₂= velocity of object 2​

​

m₁ ▲v₁ = -m₂ ▲v₂​

​Collisions

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Multiple Choice

A ball with a momentum of 4.0 m/s hits a wall and bounces straight back without losing any kinetic energy. What is the change in the ball's momentum?

• -8.0 m/s

• -4.0 m/s

• 0.0 m/s

• 8.0 m/s

Simple Harmonic Motion

​Kinetic- energy due to motion

Potential-​ energy that is stored

Total mechanical energy​- energy acquired by the objects upon which work is done

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​Energy and Oscillation Pendulum

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Multiple Choice

At what point in the swing of a pendulum is the bob moving fastest?

• at the top of the arc

• at the bottom of the arc

Multiple Choice

On the pendulum shown, where is the speed the greatest?

• A

• B

• C

• The speed is the same at all positions

KE = ​1/2 mv²

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KE increases as the object moves toward equilibrium ​

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Calculating Kinetic Energy Pendulum

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Multiple Choice

On the pendulum shown, where is the kinetic energy the greatest?

• A and D (highest positions)

• B

• C (lowest position)

• The kinetic energy is the same at all positions

PE= mgh​

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​Potential energy is greatest at maximum displacement

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​Some text here about the topic of discussion.

Calculting Potential Energy​ Pendulum

Multiple Choice

On the pendulum shown, where is the potential energy the greatest?

• A and D (highest positions)

• B

• C (lowest position)

• The potential energy is the same at all positions

Waves

transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves​

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Transverse Waves

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Multiple Choice

• Longitdinal Wave
• Transverse Wave

Transverse Wave Anatomy

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Multiple Choice

What property of this wave is represented by the letter "A"

• amplitude
• crest
• trough
• wavelength

longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves​

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Longitudinal wave

Multiple Choice

• Longitudinal Wave
• Transverse Wave

Longitudinal Wave Anatomy

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Multiple Choice

• A is compression
• A is the trough
• A is the rarefraction

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• ​ synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.

Does not require a medium and can travel through space

• light

• microwaves

• ​radio

​Electromagnetic Waves

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Frequency is how many cycles are completed each second.

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Frequency f is measured in hertz, or Hz.​

​Frequency

​Write This Down

Multiple Choice

How often a wave occurs is the wave's

• frequency

• amplitude

• wavelength

• velocity

​​states that when a wave reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

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When a wave encounters an impassable ​barrier or obstacle

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​Law of Reflection

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Multiple Choice

What is reflection?

• Reflection is the bouncing  of light off the surface that it strikes on.
• Reflection is the absorbing of light off the surface that it strikes on.
• Reflection is the bending of light off the surface that it strikes on.
• Reflection is the scattering of light off the surface that it strikes on.

a change in direction of waves when they pass through different mediums

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Refraction

Multiple Choice

Why does the lower part of the child appear so much different in size from the upper part?

• The light rays that travel through water and then into air are refracted.
• The light rays that travel through water and then into air are enlarged.
• The light rays that travel through air and then into water are reflected.
• The light rays that travel through air and then into water are reduced.

Change in waves as they pass around a barrier or through ​an opening

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Diffraction

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Multiple Choice

Definition: The spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or around objects.

• Reflection

• Refraction

• Diffraction

• Resonance

Resonance

when one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces that second object into vibrational motion​

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​Forced Vibration

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Multiple Choice

Definition: When one object vibrating at the same natural frequency of a second object forces that second object into vibrational motion.

• Reflection

• Refraction

• Diffraction

• Resonance

interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction​

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Constructive

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Multiple Choice

The two blue and purple waves will undergo _________________ when they meet.

• Constructive interference

• Destructive interference

interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction​

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Destructive

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Multiple Choice

The image of the two waves depicts

• Constructive interference

• Destructive interference

Constructive

displacement + displacement ​

Destructive

​Displacement - Displacement

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Principal of Superposition

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Light

​Normal: an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the reflecting surface where the light ray strikes it.

Angle of incidence: the angle between the incident ray and the normal, θi.

Angle of reflection: the angle between the reflected ray and the normal θr.

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Law of Reflection​

Multiple Choice

This diagram best represents

• reflection

• refraction

• absorption

• dispersion

• ​reflection= mirrors

• refraction= ​lenses

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some devices use both reflection and refraction ​such as prisms

​Optic devices

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Multiple Choice

When light hits something like a raindrop or a prism, it will...

• Be absorbed
• Refract, or bend
• Neither 

Types of Lenses

• Concave

  • thinner in the middle​

  • divergent refraction

• Convex

  • thicker in the middle​

  • convergent refraction

Multiple Choice

which type of lens

• opaque

• convex

• concave

• plano

Image Formation

​

• ​Location of image

• ​Orientation

  • upright or upside down​

• Size

  • larger or smaller​

• Type​

  • real ​

Multiple Choice

which type of lens

• concave

• convex

• opaque

• plano

Convex Image Formation

​

• ​L

  • in front of focal point

• ​O

  • upright​

• Size

  • larger

• Type​

  • imaginary

Multiple Choice

When an object is placed between the focal point and the optical centre of the convex lens, the image produced is ___.

• real, diminished, and inverted

• real, enlarged, and inverted

• virtual, enlarged, and erect

• virtual, diminished and erect

Convex Image Formation

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• ​L

  • behind the focal point

• ​O

  • upside down

• Size

  • smaller

• Type​

  • real

Multiple Choice

This image is.....

• inverted and smaller

• inverted and larger

• not inverted and smaller

• not inverted and larger

Convex Image Formation

​

• ​L

  • at focal point

No IMAGE

Multiple Choice

When an object is placed on the focal point in front of a convex lens, the image produced is ___.

• real, reduced, and inverted
• real, enlarged, and inverted
• real, true, and inverted
• There is no image

Concave Image Formation

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​Always

• upright

• smaller

• virtual ​

Multiple Choice

What type of image does this lens form?

• Virtual image
• Real Image
• No Image

Multiple Choice

An object is located 35.0 cm from a converging lens. The lens forms a real image at a distance of 15.0 cm. What is the focal length?

• 0.0953 cm

• 10.5 cm

• 26.2 cm

• 0.0678 cm

Electricity and Magnetism

​I= current= Amperes

V= voltage = volts

R= resistance = ohm's

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V=IR ​

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​Ohm's Law

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Multiple Choice

What voltage is needed to cause a 50A current flow through a 10Ω resistor?

• 15V
• 500V
• 500 kV
• 0.2V

​Series

• R total= R₁ + R₂ +R₃...

• I (current) is always constant

Parallel

• 1/R total= 1/R₁ +1/R₂ + 1/R₃...

• Voltage is always constant​

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​Cuircuits

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Multiple Choice

One light bulb in the kitchen burns out and suddenly several lights go out in the house. This would provide evidence that the bulbs were wired in _____________________.

• Series

• Parallel

• Tangent

• Askew

Multiple Choice

What is the total resistance (RT) across this circuit?

• 3 kΩ

• 10 kΩ

• 13 kΩ

• 18 kΩ

Multiple Choice

The total resistance of this circuit is 

• 25.7 ohms
• 315 ohms
• 324 ohms
• 90 ohms

the rate at which energy is absorbed or produced within a circuit.

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P = power = Watts​

​Power​

Moving electric charges due to orientation of charges (domains)

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The Earth's (metal) core creates a natural ​protective magnetic field

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​Magnetic Fields​

Multiple Choice

The area of magnetic force around a magnet is known as its _____________.

• magnetic field

• magnetic declination

• magnetic fan lines

• magnetic tan lines

Multiple Choice

Dylan puts two magnetic toy trains very close to each other on a track. What will happen next, and why?

• The trains will not move because the magnets are not touching.

• The trains will move closer to each other because the magnetic force will pull the trains together.

• The trains will move away from each other because the magnetic force will push the trains apart.

• The trains will move away from each other because the magnets are not touching.