Responses to Climate Change

Responses to Climate Change

By Lim Angie

Explanation Slide...

DCs are encouraged (though this is not made compulsory) to support LDCs in sustainable development through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Multiple Select

How does the Kyoto Protocol reduce GHG emissions?

• Sets reduction targets for participating countries

• Mandates the tracking and reporting of GHG emissions

• Encourages DCs to support LDCs in carbon-reduction projects

• Sells carbon reduction technologies to LDCs

Multiple Choice

Which countries achieved their carbon reduction targets?

• Spain, Austria, Denmark

• China, USA, India

• Greece, Finland, Ireland

• Greece, Finland, Iceland

Multiple Choice

Which countries failed to achieve their carbon reduction targets?

• China, India, USA

• Spain, Austria, Denmark

• Spain, Chile, Denmark

• UK, France, Italy

In fact, since 1997, global emissions rose by 35%. Most of this increase was due to countries that did not participate in the agreement: China, India, USA.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an international climate agreement that was drawn up in 1997?

• Paris Plan

• Kyoto Protocol

• Kyoto Agreement

• Paris Agreement

Multiple Choice

What was the overall impact of the Kyoto Protocol on global emissions?

• Reduced global emissions

• Maintained global emissions

• Did not reduce global emissions

• Reduced global emissions to a limited degree

Multiple Select

Select the following 'green' features that reduce carbon footprint in buildings:

• Vertical greenery on buildings to reduce electricity needed for cooling (Park Royal Pickering)

• Glass windows to take advantage of natural light (National Library, Changi Airport T3)

• Installing solar panels to take advantage of Singapore's abundant solar energy (313@Somerset)

• Rainwater harvesting system (Parkway Parade)

Multiple Choice

Natural gas is a cleaner form of energy in comparison to coal because it does not produce smoke

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Singapore is using natural gas as an energy source because...

• it is easy to harvest from dairy farms

• it is easy to harvest from incineration plants when waste is being burnt

• it contains the least amount of carbon, so it emits the least amount of greenhouse gases.

Multiple Choice

The Singapore Green Plan (2012) aims to...

• Encourage the construction of 'green' buildings

• Reduces GHG emissions by reducing industrial activity

• Increase the amount of greenery in Singapore to absorb carbon

• Reduce energy consumption and GHG emission from burning fossil fuels

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of using natural gas?

• Natural gas needs complex treatment plants to process

• Natural gas needs complex pipelines to transport

• Pipelines have high maintenance costs because they need to be laid underground and have to be checked regularly for leakage

• It is cleaner and does not produce smoke

Multiple Choice

One success of the Singapore Green Plan 2012 is that...

• by 2017, about 95% of Singapore’s energy was produced from natural gas.

• natural gas requires complex treatment plants to process and pipelines to transport.

• It is expensive to use natural gas because of high maintenance costs for laying and inspecting underground pipelines.

Multiple Choice

The Singapore Green Plan was a success. By how many % did Singapore exceed her goal?

• 19%

• 25%

• 10%

• 30%

Multiple Select

What are some limitations of the Singapore Green Plan?

• Extensive pipelines to transport gas can be expensive to build.

• Pipes have high maintenance costs

• Difficulty in getting companies to comply with regulations

• Hazardous

Multiple Choice

Singapore's Green Mark Scheme was launched by:

• Urban Redevelopment Authority

• Building Construction Authority

• Centre for Liveable Cities

• NParks

Multiple Choice

The aim of the Green Mark Scheme is to encourage the construction of green buildings which are

• energy-efficient

• environmentally friendly

• energy-efficient and environmentally friendly

Multiple Choice

Buildings which are more energy-efficient use less energy to provide the same service.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

How are green buildings designed to lower energy consumption?

• Vertical greenery and green roofs absorb carbon dioxide to reduce heat trapped in the surroundings.

• Keep indoor temperatures cool, so less air conditioning can be used.

• Materials and technologies involved in their construction are more expensive than conventional methods.

• Solar panels collect solar energy which can be converted into electricity.

Multiple Choice

How much less energy do 'green' buildings use compared to other conventional buildings?

• 15%

• 45%

• 20%

• 35%

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following is NOT a 'Green' building?

• National Library - Central

• Plaza by the Park

• Standard Chartered @ Changi

• Singapore Sports School

• Jewel Changi Airport

Multiple Select

Which of the following is a limitation of the Green Mark Scheme?

• 'Green' buildings cost more to build because 'green' materials are more expensive

• Construction companies and developers in Singapore tend to be conservative about adopting new ideas and materials

• 'Green' buildings are not energy-saving

Multiple Choice

What is NOT an obstacle faced when constructing 'green' buildings in Singapore?

• Conservatism, hesitance in adopting new ideas

• Higher costs of 'green' technology/materials

• Only applies to office buildings

Multiple Choice

Which organisation helms the Plant-A-Tree programme?

• NParks

• Urban Redevelopment Authority

• Botanic Gardens

• National Environment Agency

Multiple Choice

Why are trees known as the "green lungs" of the environment?

• just like humans, they breathe

• they provide O2 while removing CO2 from the environment

• they have lungs

Multiple Select

How has the Plant-A-Tree programme been effective?

• Thousands of trees have been planted annually. This nationwide effort involves volunteers and corporations in planting tree saplings in nature reserves, parks, and existing and new housing estates.

• Trees are being planted wherever new roads have been built. These efforts help to minimize carbon emissions from Singapore’s changing land uses.

• The rate of replanting trees in Singapore is not able to match the rate of deforestation happening worldwide in places like the Amazon rainforest.

• New trees take many years to mature. Newly planted tree saplings cannot absorb as much CO₂ as fully grown trees.

Multiple Choice

How many trees are planted annually?

• 6,000

• 60,000

• 600,000

• 600

Multiple Select

What are the limitations of the Plant-a-Tree programme?

• Expensive to procure seeds

• Time-consuming because trees take time to mature

• Limited participation from locals

• Lack of space to plant trees

Multiple Select

What are the limitations of Singapore's Plant-A-Tree programme in tackling global climate change?

• New trees take many years to mature. Newly planted tree saplings cannot absorb as much CO₂ as fully grown trees. Hence, the aim of reducing tons of greenhouse gases per year cannot be achieved immediately.

• The rate of replanting trees in Singapore is not able to match the rate of deforestation happening worldwide in places like the Amazon rainforest.

• Singapore is a small country, so the scale of the Plant-A-Tree programme is small compared to what is needed on a global scale to tackle climate change.

• Trees are being planted wherever new roads have been built.

Multiple Select

Select the following national responses adopted by Singapore:

• Singapore Green Plan 

• City in Nature

• Green Mark Scheme

• Plant-a-tree programme