Biology EOC Category 4 Review

Biology EOC Category 4 Review

By Kendall Smith

Enzymes

B.9C identify and investigate the role of enzymes​

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• Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed​

What are Enzymes?

Multiple Choice

Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study.

Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?

• An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active

• An enzyme’s rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive

• An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions

• An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells

Multiple Choice

An enzyme serves as a place where a chemical reaction can occur because-

• the enzyme is a substrate.
• the enzyme is one of the reactants in the reaction.
• the charge on the enzyme's active site is the same as the charge on the substrates.
• the shape of the substrates fits perfectly into the shape of the enzyme's active site.

Photosynthesis & Respiration

B.9B compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter

• Autotrophs ONLY

• In Chloroplast

• Reactants: CO2, H2O, and Sunlight

• Products: O2 and Glucose​

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Photosynthesis

• ALL Living things!

• in Mitochondria

• Reactants: O2 and Glucose

• Products: CO2, H2O, and ATP​

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Cellular Respiration

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The PRODUCTS of Photosynthesis serve as the REACTANTS for Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis vs Respiration

Multiple Choice

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

• Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Animal Systems

B.10A describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of regulation, nutrient absorption, reproduction, and defense from injury or illness in animals​

Subject | Subject

11 Body Systems

Body Systems Quizlet

7. Muscular

8. Nervous

9. Reproductive​

10. Endocrine

11. ​Digestive

1. ​Integumentary

2. Skeletal

3. Immune

4. Circulatory

5. Respiratory

6. Lymphatic

ALL work together to maintain HOMEOSTASIS

Multiple Choice

During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the interaction of which organ systems?

• Endocrine and muscular only

• Endocrine and reproductive only

• Endocrine, muscular, and reproductive

• Endocrine, reproductive, and excretory

Multiple Choice

Kidneys are part of the excretory system in a human body. They purify the impure blood and send it back to the rest of the body. Which system is mainly responsible for the transport of plasma to the kidneys?

• Respiratory system

• Circulatory system

• Muscular system

• Nervous system

Plant Systems

​B.10B describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants

• ​Roots, Stem, Leaves

• Anchors the plant

• Transports water and nutrients​

Roots & Shoots

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• Xylem - carries water UP the plant

• Phloem - carries food UP and DOWN the plant​

Transport System

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• Flowering plants use flowers for sexual reproduction; MORE diversity

• Some plants reproduce asexually; LESS diversity

Reproduction

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Parts of a Flower

Multiple Choice

Several structures work together to allow flowering plants to reproduce. The diagram shows a typical flower. Which table correctly identifies the function of each structure or group of structures in the reproduction of the plant?

​Response to light using HORMONES

Phototropism

Response to water using HORMONES

Hydrotropism

Response to touch using HORMONES

Thigmotropism

Multiple Choice

Plants called sundews have rounded green leaves with many hair-like structures. The ends of these structures contain enzymes in a sticky liquid that looks like nectar or moisture, as shown in the picture. The hairs do not react to dust or nonliving material but will bend inward when insects get caught in the sticky liquid. Sundews digest trapped insects over a period of a few days. Based on this information, what functions do the specialized leaves of sundews perform?

• Provide water to the plant and perform photosynthesis

• Respond to stimuli and anchor the plant

• Provide nutrients to the plant and respond to stimuli

• Release pollen to insects and perform photosynthesis