Behaviourist Approach Revision session

Behaviourist Approach Revision session

By Yasin Hassan

Expectations

All try to participate and contribute

Try your best ​

Ask question if you are unsure​

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Learning Outcomes

Aim: Classical Conditioning

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Objective: To explain and outline the stages of Classical Conditioning.​

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Achieve a 70% on the quiz

• ​If you hoping for an A aim for a 7/10

• Behaviorism emphasizes the role of environmental factors in influencing behavior​​

• ​When born our mind is a blank slate. 'tabula rasa'

• We learn new behavior through classical or operant conditioning

• Human and animals learn the same way

• Highlights the importance of control and objectivity

Key Assumptions

Psychology

​Behavourism

• Learnt through basic association ​

• First ​demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov

• ​Unconditional stimulus → Unconditional response

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Example of Conditioning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojYVYn_Oetg​

Classic Conditioning

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•Watson and Raynor presented Little Albert with a white rat he showed no fear.

•Then presented the rat with a loud bang that scared Little Albert and made him cry.

•After continuous association of the white rat and loud noise, Little Albert was classically conditioned to experience fear at the sight of the rat.

•Interestingly Albert’s fear generalised to other stimuli that were similar to the rat, like fur coat, cotton wool and a Santa mask.​

Little Albert - Creating a Phobia​

• Sara grandfather, who she was close to recently died and when travelling home from the funeral there was this song she heard twice on different stations on the radio. Now whenever she hears the song she starts to cry.​

•The overhead projector in Tom’s lab has a short circuit and gives him a shock every time he touches it. After a while tom hesitates every time he is about to touch the overhead.​

Complete a condition diagram to​ explain these situations

Multiple Choice

In Pavlov's experiment, what was the Unconditional Response?

• Food

• Barking

• Salivating

• No response

Multiple Choice

Which behaviourist approach assumes learning occurs due to positive and negative reinforcement?

• Operant Conditioning

• Classical Conditioning

• Social Learning Theory

• Reciprocal Determinism

Multiple Choice

In Pavlov's study, what was the neutral stimulus?

• Dog

• Bell

• Food

• Salivation

Multiple Choice

Which behaviourist approach assumes learning due to association?

• Social learning theory

• Trial and error learning

• Classical Conditioning

• Operant Conditioning

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not a valid criticism of behaviourism?

• It has little scientific credibility

• It views animals (including humans) as passive responders to the environment

• There is little role for cognition (thinking)

• Evidence to support behaviourism is mainly conducted on animals and the findings generalised to humans

Multiple Choice

A stimulus that triggers a neutral reaction without any prior training.

• Neutral stimulus

• Conditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned stimulus

Multiple Choice

Credited with establishing principles of Classical Conditioning

• B. F. Skinner

• Maslow

• Signmund Freud

• Ivan Pavlov

Multiple Choice

What response did the bell have on the dogs before training?

• Salvation

• Whimpering

• No response

• Barking

Multiple Choice

The gradual weakening of a conditioned response is called?

• Acquisition

• Extinction

• Generalisation

• Discrimination

Multiple Choice

Which of the following psychologist is not associated with the Behaviourist approach?

• Watson

• Skinner

• Rogers

• Pavlov

Summary​

• ​Basic Assumptions of Behaviourism

• Classical Conditioning

• Little Albert​