Chemistry 0-3: Introduction to Chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry

Lesson Objectives

• Describe what is studied in chemistry

• Define what makes something a chemical

  • Distinguish between elements & Compounds

• Review properties and classification of matter

​What is Chemistry?

• Chemistry: the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes

  • What is something made of

  • What happens to something when the temperature changes

  • What happens when two things are mixed together

Branches of Chemistry

• There are six main types of chemistry, all focus on different things

  • ​Organic Chemistry: Studies carbon-containing compounds

    • Hint: Anything containing carbon is "organic"

  • Inorganic Chemistry: Studies carbon compounds without carbon

  • Physical Chemistry: Studies how matter changes in response to energy

  • Analytical Chemistry: Identifies new elements and compounds

  • Biochemistry: Studies reactions inside living things

    • Hint: Bio means Living

  • Theoretical Chemistry: Uses math and models to predict reactions

​What are chemicals?

• A chemical is any substance that has a definite known composition

  • If we don't know what is in it or how it is made, we don't call it a chemical​

  • Sucrose Is a chemical we know the composition of: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

    • We use that information to make artificial versions with slightly different properties

​What do chemists do?

• Chemists perform research to help them learn about the world around them

  • Two Types of Research

    • Basic Research: Research done to increase knowledge, with no set goal

      • Many "accidental" discoveries are made through basic research

    • Applied Research: Research done to solve a problem

Match

Match the type of chemistry with what it studies

• Studies carbon-containing compounds

• Studies reactions inside living things

• Studies how mater changes in response to energy

• Identifies new elements and compounds

• Studies non carbon containing compounds

Organic Chemistry

Biochemistry

Physical Chemistry

Analytical Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry

• Biochemistry

• Physical Chemistry

• Analytical Chemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry

Multiple Choice

Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with the formula H₂O. Is water a chemical?

• Yes

• No

• Only sometimes

​Matter and its properties

• Matter: any object that has mass and takes up space

  • exists in 3 states on Earth, and a fourth in Space

• Mass: the measure of the amount of matter in an object

  • Mass does not change regardless of where an object is

Elements and Atoms

• Element: a pure substance that can't be broken down into simpler, more stable substances

  • Carbon, oxygen, Nitrogen

• Atom: The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

• All atoms are an element, and the two words can mean the same thing

Compounds

• Compound: A substance made of two or more elements that can be broken down

  • All compounds are made up of atoms

Properties of Matter

• Extensive Properties of Matter: depend in the amount of matter that is present

  • Volume, Mass, amount of energy

• Intensive Properties: exist regardless of the amount of matter that is present

  • melting point

  • ability to conduct electricity

  • density

Multiple Choice

If you eat a Snickers bar, it will release a certain amount of energy. If you eat two Snickers bars, the amount of energy released is doubled. Which type property of matter is the release of energy?

• Extensive

• Intensive

Multiple Choice

True or False: Mass and weight are two words that mean the same thing.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Which two words can mean the same thing?

• Atom

• Element

• Compound

• Matter

• Mass

​Matter and its properties

• Physical Properties: Can be observed with the senses without changing the identity of the substance

• Chemical Properties: tell how a substance will react with other substances

  • Tells how likely a substance is to turn into something else

Physical Changes

• All Matter can undergo two different types of changes

• Physical Changes: can be observed without changing what the substance is

  • Melting

  • Grinding

  • Cutting

  • Boiling

  • Changing from one state to another

Chemical Changes

• All Matter can undergo two different types of changes

  • Chemical Changes: Occur when one substance changes to another

    • Burning

    • Rotting

    • Rusting

    • Decomposing

Classifying Matter

• Matter is split into two main groups

  • Pure Substances: Compounds that do not vary from sample to sample

    • always looks and acts the same

  • Mixtures: A blend of two or more kinds of matter, where each component of matter retains its own identity and properties

    • Homogeneous: the mixture looks uniform, and you can not see the separate parts

    • Heterogeneous: A mixture is not uniform,m and you can see the separate parts

Multiple Choice

Is the Following a Physical or Chemical Change: Ice Melting

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Is the Following a Physical or Chemical Change: Burning a Marshmallow

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

In which mixture can you not see all of the parts?

• homogeneous

• heterogeneous

Multiple Select

Sugar and water are a

• Homogeneous mixture

• Heterogeneous mixture

Multiple Choice

Oxygen is a

• Homogeneous mixture

• Heterogeneous mixture

• Compound

• Element

Multiple Choice

Black pepper and water is which type of mixture?

• Homogeneous

• Heterogeneous

Open Ended

Name three examples of chemistry in your everyday life.