Topic 1.4

Multiple Select

What are the THREE parts of a nucleotide?

• a base

• a sugar

• a phosphate group

• an amino acid

• an ATP

Multiple Choice

What are the differences between purines and pyrimidines?

• Purines have 2 rings

  Pyrimidines have 3 rings

• Purines have 2 rings

  Pyrimidines have 1 ring

• Purines have 1 ring

  Pyrimidines have 2 rings

• Purines have 3 rings

  Pyrimidines have 2 rings

Reorder

ATP contains:

the base __(1)__

the sugar __(2)__

and 3 __(3)__ groups

• adenine

• ribose

• phosphate

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Multiple Choice

Condensation reactions add two nucleotides together creating a ____ bond between the ____ of one nucleotide and the ____ of the next nucleotide

• phosphodiester ...

  phosphate group ...

  sugar

• phosphodiester ...

  base ...

  sugar

• hydrogen ...

  sugar ...

  phosphate group

• hydrogen ...

  phosphate group ...

  base

Multiple Choice

How many amino acids are there?

• 10

• 20

• 25

• 15

Multiple Choice

Which part of the amino acid create variation?

• Amino group

• Carboxyl group

• R group

• Peptide bond

Match

Match the following side chain properties

• non-polar

• polar

• positively charged

• negatively charged

hydrophobic

hydrophilic

acidic

basic

• hydrophobic

• hydrophilic

• acidic

• basic

Multiple Select

Amino acids combine using dehydration synthesis to form ___

• a peptide bond

• a polypeptide

• triglyceride

• globular protein

Reorder

Secondary structure can be in the form of __(1)__ or __(2)__ sheet. Tertiary structure forms from the interaction of __(3)__ groups. If bonds are broken (through __(4)__), the protein loses its tertiary structure, and its functionality.

• R

• Alpha helix

• Beta-Pleated

• Denaturation

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Match

Match the following

• Hydrophilic R groups inside

• Active site

• has two polypeptide chains

• Loss of shape (and loss of function)

Channel proteins

Enzymes

Insulin

Denature

• Channel proteins

• Enzymes

• Insulin

• Denature

Multiple Choice

______ proteins have an elongated structure and are not water soluble. They provide stiffness and rigidity to the more fluid components of cells and tissues.

• Fibrous

• Globular

Match

Match the following functions to the protein examples

• Catalytic

• Regulatory

• Transport

• Protective

• Structural

Enzymes

Hormones

Hemoglobin

Immunoglobins

Actin and Myosin

• Enzymes

• Hormones

• Hemoglobin

• Immunoglobins

• Actin and Myosin

Multiple Choice

Fibrous proteins are usually

• Insoluble in water

• Soluble in water

• Fold into a round shape

Reorder

__1__ is found in connective tissue and has the ability to __2__. __3__ are found in hair, nails, claws, hooves etc. and due to all the __4__ bridges is very strong and ridgid protein. Both of these proteins are examples of __5__ proteins.

• Elastin

• stretch

• Keratins

• disulfide

• fibrous

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Reorder

Sugars provide energy and join together to form carbohydrate __1__, such as starch and __2__. Monosaccharide polymers form the major component of most plants (as __3__). Monosaccharides are important as a primary __4__ for cellular __5__.

• cellulose

• glycogen

• macromolecules

• energy source

• metabolism

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Match

Match the following

• glucose

• fructose

• pentose

• hexose

Found in grape sugar and blood sugar

Found in honey and fruit juices

A sugar with 5 carbons (5C)

A sugar with 6 carbons (6C)

• Found in grape sugar and blood sugar

• Found in honey and fruit juices

• A sugar with 5 carbons (5C)

• A sugar with 6 carbons (6C)

Multiple Choice

What are some characteristics of lipids?

• * Non-polar

  * Hydrophobic

  * Insoluble in water

• *Polar

  * Hydrophobic

  * Soluble in water

• * Non-polar

  * Hydrophillic

  * Insoluble in water

• * Polar

  * Hydrophillic

  * Soluble in water

Match

Match the following

• Non-polar

• Simple lipids

• C

• Complex lipids

No overall charge

fats and waxes

phospholipids and steroids

Major component of neutral fats

• No overall charge

• fats and waxes

• phospholipids and steroids

• Major component of neutral fats

Multiple Choice

Triglycerides are composed of ...

• 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

• neutral fats

• Esters and fatty acids

• monosaccharides

Match

Match the following

• Esterification

• Lipolysis

• Dehydration synthesis

• Condensation reaction

• Hydrolysis

A condensation reaction of an alcohol with an acid to produce an ester and water

Breakdown of lipids by the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol molecules and free fatty acids

A reaction that combines 2 molecules into a larger molecule. Water is released in the process

A reaction involving dehydration synthesis

A reaction that breaks down a larger molecule into smaller ones. Water is required.

• A condensation reaction of an alcohol with an acid to produce an ester and water

• Breakdown of lipids by the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol molecules and free fatty acids

• A reaction that combines 2 molecules into a larger molecule. Water is released in the process

• A reaction involving dehydration synthesis

• A reaction that breaks down a larger molecule into smaller ones. Water is required.

Match

Match the following

• Phospholipids

• Waxes and oils

• Oxidation of fats

• Fats in general

Found in cell membranes

Waterproofing abilities

Provides large amounts of energy and some water

Can be used to insulate and reduce heat losses

• Found in cell membranes

• Waterproofing abilities

• Provides large amounts of energy and some water

• Can be used to insulate and reduce heat losses

Multiple Choice

Why are lipids a good source of energy?

• * High amount of Hydrogen

  * They're metabolized in a series of energy-producing steps

• * High amount of Oxygen

  * They're metabolized in a series of energy-producing steps

• * High amount of Hydrogen

  * They're metabolized in one step called beta-oxidation

• * High amount of Oxygen

  * They're metabolized in one step called beta-oxidation

Match

Match the following

• Carboxylic Acids

• Saturated

• Unsaturated

• Cellulose

have a terminal -COOH

Have the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms

Have at least one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chains

A polysaccharide

• have a terminal -COOH

• Have the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms

• Have at least one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chains

• A polysaccharide

Match

Match the following

• a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing compound replace one of the fatty acids attached to the glycerol

• the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer

• causing straight chains

• causing kinked chains

• the main component of cellular membranes

A phospholipid is structurally similar to a triglyceride except that

The proportion of saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids affects

The fatty acid tails can be saturated

The fatty acid tails can be unsaturated

Phospholipids naturally form bilayers in aqueous solutions and are

• A phospholipid is structurally similar to a triglyceride except that

• The proportion of saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids affects

• The fatty acid tails can be saturated

• The fatty acid tails can be unsaturated

• Phospholipids naturally form bilayers in aqueous solutions and are

Reorder

The __1__ end of the molecule is attracted to water (__2__) while the __3__ end is repelled (__4__). The hydrophobic ends turn __5__ to form a phospholipid bilayer.

• phosphate

• hydrophilic

• fatty acid

• hydrophobic

• inwards

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Why is the phosphate end attracted to water and the fatty acid end repelled by water?

• The phosphate with all of it's oxygen atoms has an uneven distribution of electrons, while the fatty acid ends with all of it's carbons and hydrogens has an even distribution of charge

• The phosphate with all of it's oxygen atoms has an even distribution of electrons, while the fatty acid ends with all of it's carbons and hydrogens has an uneven distribution of charge

• The phosphate with all of it's carbons and hydrogens has an uneven distribution of electrons, while the fatty acid ends with all of it'soxygen atoms has an even distribution of charge

• The phosphate with all of it's carbons and hydrogens has an even distribution of electrons, while the fatty acid ends with all of it'soxygen atoms has an uneven distribution of charge

Multiple Choice

A membrane is more fluid when ...

• There are more unsaturated phospholipids and they cannot stack neatly together

• There are more saturated phospholipids and they cannot stack neatly together

• There are more unsaturated phospholipids and they stack neatly together

• There are more saturated phospholipids and they stack neatly together